{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T19:15:06Z","timestamp":1792091706072,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,4]],"date-time":"2023-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701648000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","award":["#E-26\/202.051\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#E-26\/202.051\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","award":["#E-26\/200.591\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#E-26\/200.591\/2022"]}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","award":["#E-26\/210.355\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#E-26\/210.355\/2022"]}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","award":["#E-26\/203.853\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#E-26\/203.853\/2022"]}]},{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","award":["#E-26\/202.051\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#E-26\/202.051\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","award":["#E-26\/200.591\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#E-26\/200.591\/2022"]}]},{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","award":["#E-26\/210.355\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#E-26\/210.355\/2022"]}]},{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","award":["#E-26\/203.853\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#E-26\/203.853\/2022"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro","award":["#E-26\/202.051\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#E-26\/202.051\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro","award":["#E-26\/200.591\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#E-26\/200.591\/2022"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro","award":["#E-26\/210.355\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#E-26\/210.355\/2022"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro","award":["#E-26\/203.853\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#E-26\/203.853\/2022"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mucorales are a group of non-septated filamentous fungi widely distributed in nature, frequently associated with human infections, and are intrinsically resistant to many antifungal drugs. For these reasons, there is an urgent need to improve the clinical management of mucormycosis. Miltefosine, which is a phospholipid analogue of alkylphosphocholine, has been considered a promising repurposing drug to be used to treat fungal infections. In the present study, miltefosine displayed antifungal activity against a variety of Mucorales species, and it was also active against biofilms formed by these fungi. Treatment with miltefosine revealed modifications of cell wall components, neutral lipids, mitochondrial membrane potential, cell morphology, and the induction of oxidative stress. Treated Mucorales cells also presented an increased susceptibility to SDS. Purified ergosterol and glucosylceramide added to the culture medium increased miltefosine MIC, suggesting its interaction with fungal lipids. These data contribute to elucidating the effect of a promising drug repurposed to act against some relevant fungal pathogens that significantly impact public health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof9121166","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,4]],"date-time":"2023-12-04T03:40:58Z","timestamp":1701661258000},"page":"1166","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Miltefosine: A Repurposing Drug against Mucorales Pathogens"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1803-6381","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariana Ingrid Dutra da Silva","family":"Xisto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Qu\u00edmica Biol\u00f3gica de Microrganismos, Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de G\u00f3es, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8316-4670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Rollin-Pinheiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Qu\u00edmica Biol\u00f3gica de Microrganismos, Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de G\u00f3es, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor Pereira","family":"Rochetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Qu\u00edmica Biol\u00f3gica de Microrganismos, Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de G\u00f3es, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuri de","family":"Castro-Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Qu\u00edmica Biol\u00f3gica de Microrganismos, Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de G\u00f3es, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6576-6646","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luana Pereira","family":"Borba-Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Biologia Celular de Fungos, Programa de Biologia Celular e Parasitologia, Instituto de Biof\u00edsica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia Maria Pires dos","family":"Santos-Freitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Qu\u00edmica Biol\u00f3gica de Microrganismos, Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de G\u00f3es, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1600-9398","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jefferson","family":"Cypriano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Biologia Celular e Magnetotaxia & Unidade de Microscopia Multiusu\u00e1rio, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de G\u00f3es, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2356-5840","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernanda de \u00c1vila","family":"Abreu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Biologia Celular e Magnetotaxia & Unidade de Microscopia Multiusu\u00e1rio, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de G\u00f3es, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3659-5945","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sonia","family":"Rozental","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Biologia Celular de Fungos, Programa de Biologia Celular e Parasitologia, Instituto de Biof\u00edsica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8944-9415","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eliana","family":"Barreto-Bergter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Qu\u00edmica Biol\u00f3gica de Microrganismos, Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de G\u00f3es, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S23","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir866","article-title":"Epidemiology and clinical manifestations of mucormycosis","volume":"54","author":"Petrikkos","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2015.10.011","article-title":"Mucormycoses","volume":"30","author":"Farmakiotis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Infect. Dis. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb.13.78","article-title":"Epidemiology and treatment of mucormycosis","volume":"8","author":"Lewis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Future Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"164","article-title":"Predisposing Factors for Mucormycosis in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus; An Experience of 21 Years in Southern Iran","volume":"1","author":"Sarvestani","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bull. Emerg. Trauma"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mora-Mart\u00ednez, A., Murcia, L., and Rodr\u00edguez-Lozano, F.J. (2023). Oral Manifestations of Mucormycosis: A Systematic Review. J. Fungi, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/jof9090935"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2016.152900","article-title":"ECIL-6 guidelines for the treatment of invasive candidiasis, aspergillosis and mucormycosis in leukemia and hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients","volume":"102","author":"Tissot","year":"2017","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-021-01670-1","article-title":"COVID-19 and mucormycosis superinfection: The perfect storm","volume":"49","author":"Alhumaid","year":"2021","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2021.102148","article-title":"COVID-19-associated mucormycosis: Case report and systematic review","volume":"44","author":"Dilek","year":"2021","journal-title":"Travel. Med. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e04102021","DOI":"10.1590\/0037-8682-0410-2021","article-title":"COVID-19 associated Mucormycosis (CAM): Should Brazil be on alert?","volume":"54","author":"Farias","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-020-00462-9","article-title":"Fungal Co-infections Associated with Global COVID-19 Pandemic: A Clinical and Diagnostic Perspective from China","volume":"185","author":"Song","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2576","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dks275","article-title":"Miltefosine: A review of its pharmacology and therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of leishmaniasis","volume":"67","author":"Dorlo","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3864","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00292-12","article-title":"Optimal dosing of miltefosine in children and adults with visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"56","author":"Dorlo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2006.03.010","article-title":"Mechanisms of action of lysophospholipid analogues against trypanosomatid parasites","volume":"100","author":"Urbina","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.000041","article-title":"Miltefosine is active against Sporothrix brasiliensis isolates with in vitro low susceptibility to amphotericin B or itraconazole","volume":"64","author":"Gagini","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.12891","article-title":"In vitro antifungal activity of miltefosine and levamisole: Their impact on ergosterol biosynthesis and cell permeability of dimorphic fungi","volume":"119","author":"Brilhante","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.000019","article-title":"In vitro activity of miltefosine in combination with voriconazole or amphotericin B against clinical isolates of Scedosporium spp.","volume":"64","author":"Compain","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6996","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.03212-14","article-title":"In vitro combination of voriconazole and miltefosine against clinically relevant molds","volume":"58","author":"Imbert","year":"2014","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2016.12.020","article-title":"Miltefosine is fungicidal to Paracoccidioides spp. yeast cells but subinhibitory concentrations induce melanisation","volume":"49","author":"Rossi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2219","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01382-06","article-title":"In vitro activities of miltefosine and two novel antifungal biscationic salts against a panel of 77 dermatophytes","volume":"51","author":"Tong","year":"2007","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2016.07.022","article-title":"Miltefosine inhibits Candida albicans and non-albicans Candida spp. biofilms and impairs the dispersion of infectious cells","volume":"48","author":"Vila","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dks353","article-title":"Effect of alkylphospholipids on Candida albicans biofilm formation and maturation","volume":"68","author":"Vila","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.50.2.414-421.2006","article-title":"Hexadecylphosphocholine (miltefosine) has broad-spectrum fungicidal activity and is efficacious in a mouse model of cryptococcosis","volume":"50","author":"Widmer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rollin-Pinheiro, R., Almeida, Y.C., Rochetti, V.P., Xisto, M., Borba-Santos, L.P., Rozental, S., and Barreto-Bergter, E. (2021). Miltefosine Against Scedosporium and Lomentospora Species: Antifungal Activity and Its Effects on Fungal Cells. Front. Cell Infect. Microbiol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.698662"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00312-18","article-title":"Miltefosine Has a Postantifungal Effect and Induces Apoptosis in Cryptococcus Yeasts","volume":"62","author":"Spadari","year":"2018","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2016.05.006","article-title":"In vitro resistance of clinical Fusarium species to amphotericin B and voriconazole using the EUCAST antifungal susceptibility method","volume":"85","author":"Salah","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Almeida, C.A., Azevedo, M.M.B., Chaves, F.C.M., Roseo de Oliveira, M., Rodrigues, I.A., Bizzo, H.R., Gama, P.E., Alviano, D.S., and Alviano, C.S. (2018). Piper Essential Oils Inhibit Rhizopus oryzae Growth, Biofilm Formation, and Rhizopuspepsin Activity. Can. J. Infect. Dis. Med. Microbiol., 2018.","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/5295619"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1080\/08927014.2016.1192610","article-title":"Assessment of biofilm formation by Scedosporium apiospermum, S. aurantiacum, S. minutisporum and Lomentospora prolificans","volume":"32","author":"Mello","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biofouling"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkg301","article-title":"Synergy, antagonism, and what the chequerboard puts between them","volume":"52","author":"Odds","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1086\/506617","article-title":"Triazole-polyene antagonism in experimental invasive pulmonary aspergillosis: In vitro and in vivo correlation","volume":"194","author":"Meletiadis","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1177\/1087057114521867","article-title":"A New Bliss Independence Model to Analyze Drug Combination Data","volume":"19","author":"Zhao","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Biomol. Screen."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S245","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myz011","article-title":"Pathogenicity patterns of mucormycosis: Epidemiology, interaction with immune cells and virulence factors","volume":"57","author":"Hassan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med. Mycol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2457","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1238","article-title":"Efficacy and Tolerability of Miltefosine in the Treatment of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis","volume":"73","author":"Ware","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7611","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01890-15","article-title":"In Vitro Activity of Miltefosine against Candida albicans under Planktonic and Biofilm Growth Conditions and In Vivo Efficacy in a Murine Model of Oral Candidiasis","volume":"59","author":"Vila","year":"2015","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02198-16","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of Miltefosine in Children and Adults with Cutaneous Leishmaniasis","volume":"61","author":"Castro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Howard, A., and Hope, W. (2023). Assessment of Antifungal Pharmacodynamics. J. Fungi, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/jof9020192"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2016.09.009","article-title":"Antifungal pharmacodynamics: Latin America's perspective","volume":"21","author":"Gonzalez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Braz. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a019653","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a019653","article-title":"Antifungal pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics","volume":"5","author":"Lepak","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Med."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.05.037","article-title":"Antifungal therapeutic drug monitoring: Focus on drugs without a clear recommendation","volume":"26","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/5584_2016_7","article-title":"Fungal Biofilms: Update on Resistance","volume":"931","author":"Borghi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dos Santos, G.M.P., Borba-Santos, L.P., Vila, T., Ferreira Gremi\u00e3o, I.D., Pereira, S.A., De Souza, W., and Rozental, S. (2022). Sporothrix spp. Biofilms Impact in the Zoonotic Transmission Route: Feline Claws Associated Biofilms, Itraconazole Tolerance, and Potential Repurposing for Miltefosine. Pathogens, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11020206"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4503","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.langmuir.5b00178","article-title":"Understanding Miltefosine-Membrane Interactions Using Molecular Dynamics Simulations","volume":"31","author":"Sresht","year":"2015","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkp321","article-title":"Membrane sterol depletion impairs miltefosine action in wild-type and miltefosine-resistant Leishmania donovani promastigotes","volume":"64","author":"Bories","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1128\/EC.00008-07","article-title":"Sterol-rich plasma membrane domains in fungi","volume":"6","author":"Alvarez","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eukaryot. Cell"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, Y., Wu, M., Gao, J., and Ying, C. (2020). Antifungal Activity and Mode of Action of Miltefosine Against Clinical Isolates of Candida krusei. Front. Microbiol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.00854"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/47.5.537","article-title":"Mechanism of action of anti-proliferative lysophospholipid analogues against the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi: Potentiation of in vitro activity by the sterol biosynthesis inhibitor ketoconazole","volume":"47","author":"Lira","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1425","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01123-06","article-title":"Miltefosine affects lipid metabolism in Leishmania donovani promastigotes","volume":"51","author":"Rakotomanga","year":"2007","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.111.072322","article-title":"Miltefosine induces apoptosis-like cell death in yeast via Cox9p in cytochrome c oxidase","volume":"80","author":"Zuo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106819","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2023.106819","article-title":"Miltefosine exhibits fungicidal activity through oxidative stress generation and Aif1 activation in Candida albicans","volume":"62","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procbio.2017.10.001","article-title":"Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis of Rhizopus oryzae with different morphologies","volume":"64","author":"Xu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Process Biochem."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e62","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.2009.01834.x","article-title":"Fungicidal activity and morphological alterations of Candida albicans induced by echinocandins: Study of strains with reduced caspofungin susceptibility","volume":"54","author":"Dunyach","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Azevedo-Fran\u00e7a, J.A., Borba-Santos, L.P., de Almeida Pimentel, G., Franco, C.H.J., Souza, C., de Almeida Celestino, J., de Menezes, E.F., Dos Santos, N.P., Vieira, E.G., and Ferreira, A. (2021). Antifungal promising agents of zinc(II) and copper(II) derivatives based on azole drug. J. Inorg. Biochem., 219.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinorgbio.2021.111401"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1007\/s42770-020-00327-9","article-title":"Anti-Sporothrix activity of ibuprofen combined with antifungal","volume":"52","author":"Nucci","year":"2021","journal-title":"Braz. J. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Macedo, D., Leonardelli, F., Dudiuk, C., Vitale, R.G., Del Valle, E., Giusiano, G., Gamarra, S., and Garcia-Effron, G. (2019). In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Voriconazole-Containing Antifungal Combinations against Mucorales Using a Galleria mellonella Model of Mucormycosis. J. Fungi, 5.","DOI":"10.3390\/jof5010005"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xisto, M., Rollin-Pinheiro, R., de Castro-Almeida, Y., Dos Santos-Freitas, G.M.P., Rochetti, V.P., Borba-Santos, L.P., da Silva Fontes, Y., Ferreira-Pereira, A., Rozental, S., and Barreto-Bergter, E. (2023). Promising Antifungal Molecules against Mucormycosis Agents Identified from Pandemic Response Box(\u00ae): In Vitro and In Silico Analyses. J. Fungi, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/jof9020187"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2017.08.010","article-title":"Antifungal resistance in mucorales","volume":"50","author":"Dannaoui","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1937","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dks137","article-title":"In vitro antifungal susceptibility of filamentous fungi causing rare infections: Synergy testing of amphotericin B, posaconazole and anidulafungin in pairs","volume":"67","author":"Mantopoulou","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1768","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01577-10","article-title":"Combination therapy of murine mucormycosis or aspergillosis with iron chelation, polyenes, and echinocandins","volume":"55","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkr375","article-title":"The Deferasirox-AmBisome Therapy for Mucormycosis (DEFEAT Mucor) study: A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"67","author":"Spellberg","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nagy, G., Kiss, S., Varghese, R., Bauer, K., Szebenyi, C., Kocsub\u00e9, S., Homa, M., Bodai, L., Zsindely, N., and Nagy, G. (2021). Characterization of Three Pleiotropic Drug Resistance Transporter Genes and Their Participation in the Azole Resistance of Mucor circinelloides. Front. Cell Infect. Microbiol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.660347"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(91)81018-4","article-title":"The phospholipid analogue hexadecylphosphocholine inhibits phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells","volume":"288","author":"Haase","year":"1991","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02536296","article-title":"The effect of two synthetic phospholipids on cell proliferation and phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells","volume":"30","author":"Wieder","year":"1995","journal-title":"Lipids"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4649","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1432-1033.2002.03169.x","article-title":"Hexadecylphosphocholine inhibits phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis and the proliferation of HepG2 cells","volume":"269","author":"Carrasco","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur. J. Biochem."}],"container-title":["Journal of Fungi"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2309-608X\/9\/12\/1166\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T21:37:23Z","timestamp":1760132243000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2309-608X\/9\/12\/1166"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,4]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["jof9121166"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jof9121166","relation":{},"ISSN":["2309-608X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2309-608X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,4]]}}}