{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T11:24:41Z","timestamp":1770463481493,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,8]],"date-time":"2023-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701993600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoF"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The most common fungal infections reported from the Caribbean include dermatophytosis, candidiasis, pneumocystis, aspergillosis, histoplasmosis, and cryptococcosis. The Caribbean is hyperendemic for histoplasmosis, with high population exposures. Fungal infections are a significant public health problem in the Caribbean, with rates varying depending on the specific country or region. In Trinidad and Tobago, the fungal burden accounts for 3.3% of the 1.4 million population, while in Jamaica, with a population of 2.9 million, over 57,600 people suffer from fungal infections each year. A study in the Dominican Republic estimated that approximately 221,027 (2%) of over 10 million people have a serious fungal infection. Fungal infections accounts for 21.9% of all skin infections in Haiti. The diagnosis of fungal infections in the Caribbean can be challenging, as access to laboratory testing and specialized medical services is limited in many areas. Access to antifungal medications can also be a challenge in some areas, and antifungal resistance has been reported.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jof9121177","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,8]],"date-time":"2023-12-08T05:47:30Z","timestamp":1702014450000},"page":"1177","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Fungal Infections in the Caribbean: A Review of the Literature to Date"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6356-2102","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicole","family":"Gousy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, American University of Antigua College of Medicine, St. Johns 1451, Antigua and Barbuda"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bharadwaj","family":"Adithya Sateesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postdoctoral Teaching Intern, American University of Antigua College of Medicine, St. Johns 1451, Antigua and Barbuda"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Denning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Manchester Fungal Infection Group, The University of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, CTF Building, Grafton Street, Manchester M13 9NT, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Krystal","family":"Latchman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postdoctoral Teaching Intern, American University of Antigua College of Medicine, St. Johns 1451, Antigua and Barbuda"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edmond","family":"Mansoor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, American University of Antigua College of Medicine, St. Johns 1451, Antigua and Barbuda"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jillwin","family":"Joseph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, American University of Antigua College of Medicine, St. Johns 1451, Antigua and Barbuda"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3872-4242","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Prasanna","family":"Honnavar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, American University of Antigua College of Medicine, St. Johns 1451, Antigua and Barbuda"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200161001-00001","article-title":"An overview of fungal infections","volume":"61","author":"Garber","year":"2001","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2012.02.004","article-title":"Tropical fungal infections","volume":"26","author":"Hsu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Infect. 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