{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:27:28Z","timestamp":1760149648264,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,27]],"date-time":"2023-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693094400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Wroclaw Medical University","award":["SUBZ.B180.23.054","SUBZ.B040.23.048","SUBZ.B020.23.051"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SUBZ.B180.23.054","SUBZ.B040.23.048","SUBZ.B020.23.051"]}]},{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and the Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wroc\u0142aw University of Environmental and Life Sciences","award":["SUBZ.B180.23.054","SUBZ.B040.23.048","SUBZ.B020.23.051"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SUBZ.B180.23.054","SUBZ.B040.23.048","SUBZ.B020.23.051"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoX"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this study was to determine the content of mercury in impacted third molars from Legnica\u2013G\u0142og\u00f3w Copper Area residents to emphasize the effects of environmental pollution on the human body. A group of 72 patients with an average age of 27.3 \u00b1 6.9 years participated in the study. Within this study, the research group (Legnica\u2013G\u0142og\u00f3w Copper Area residents) comprised 51 individuals, while the control group (residents of Wroc\u0142aw) consisted of 21 participants. A higher number of female individuals participated in the research (55). The amount of mercury present in the samples was determined through atomic absorption spectrometry with the use of a SpectraAA atomic absorption spectrometer and a V2 AA240FS flame attachment that utilized an air\u2013acetylene flame. The accumulation of Hg in the teeth of members of the control group residing in Wroc\u0142aw was studied, with a focus on identifying the risk factors that contribute to this phenomenon. The final model analyzed the presence of various factors, including thyroid and parathyroid gland diseases, cardiac diseases, and interval-scale Vit. D3 concentration. Among these factors, the presence of cardiac diseases was deemed statistically significant in relation to an increase in Hg concentration in third molars (rate ratio = 2.27, p &lt; 0.0001). The concentration of mercury increased with the age and time of residence in the L-G Copper District.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jox13030029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]],"date-time":"2023-08-28T06:57:35Z","timestamp":1693205855000},"page":"463-478","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Mercury Content in Impacted Wisdom Teeth from Patients of the Legnica\u2013G\u0142og\u00f3w Copper Area\u2014An In Vitro Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Sadri","family":"Rayad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Dental Polyclinic of Dental Center, Technology Transfer Ltd., Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2368-1534","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maciej","family":"Dobrzy\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Preclinical Dentistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8216-9085","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amadeusz","family":"Ku\u017aniarski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8015-797X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marzena","family":"Styczy\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Nutrition, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chelmonskiego 37\/41, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1377-5601","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dorota","family":"Diakowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, Chalubinskiego 3, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomasz","family":"Gedrange","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sylwia","family":"Klimas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Preclinical Dentistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8742-0790","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomasz","family":"G\u0119barowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostructure and Animal Physiology, Wroc\u0142aw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Ko\u017cuchowska 1\/3, 51-631 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marzena","family":"Dominiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2015.03.025","article-title":"Toxicological importance of human biomonitoring of metallic and metalloid elements in different biological samples","volume":"80","author":"Gil","year":"2015","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Ja\u0144czuk, Z., Kaczmarek, U., and Lipski, M. (2014). Stomatologia Zachowawcza z Endodoncj\u0105. Zarys Kliniczny, Etiologia Pr\u00f3chnicy, PZWL."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2017.02.114","article-title":"Heavy metals in human teeth dentine: A bio-indicator of metals exposure and environmental pollution","volume":"176","author":"Asaduzzaman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Buddhachat, K., Klinhom, S., Siengdee, P., Brown, J.L., Nomsiri, R., Kaewmong, P., Thitaram, C., Mahakkanukrauh, P., and Nganvongpanit, K. (2016). Elemental Analysis of Bone, Teeth, Horn and Antler in Different Animal Species Using Non-Invasive Handheld X-Ray Fluorescence. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0155458"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22151","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-016-7472-9","article-title":"Trace element contamination differentiates the natural population of Scots pine: Evidence from DNA microsatellites and needle morphology","volume":"23","author":"Pawlaczyk","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2004.12.075","article-title":"Heavy metals in human bones in different historical epochs","volume":"348","author":"Moreno","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/0048-9697(86)90107-5","article-title":"Elemental composition of ancient Japanese bones","volume":"52","author":"Kosugi","year":"1986","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"81","article-title":"X-ray microanalysis of fossil dinosaur bone: Age differences in lead, iron, and magnesium content","volume":"29","author":"Pawlicki","year":"1991","journal-title":"Folia Histochem. Cytobiol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2016.07.054","article-title":"Infective complications in tumour endoprostheses implanted after pathological fracture of the limbs","volume":"47","author":"Piccioli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"59","article-title":"Trace elements and the European skeleton through 5000 years","volume":"41","author":"Jambor","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Univ. Carol. Med."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"209","article-title":"Effect of toxic metals on oral tissues","volume":"7","author":"Herman","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Educ. Health Sport"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.2478\/intox-2014-0009","article-title":"Toxicity, mechanism and health effects of some heavy metals","volume":"7","author":"Jaishankar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Interdiscip. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2021.07.004","article-title":"Systemic toxicity eliciting metal ion levels from metallic implants and orthopedic devices\u2014A mini review","volume":"350","author":"Badhe","year":"2021","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"2519205","article-title":"Side Effects of Dental Metal Implants: Impact on Human Health (Metal as a Risk Factor of Implantologic Treatment)","volume":"2019","author":"Podzimek","year":"2019","journal-title":"BioMed Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813206","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/813206","article-title":"Pollution status of Pakistan: A retrospective review on heavy metal contamination of water, soil, and vegetables","volume":"2014","author":"Waseem","year":"2014","journal-title":"BioMed Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1065\/espr2002.11.141.2","article-title":"Effects of heavy metals on plants and resistance mechanisms. A state-of-the-art report with special reference to literature published in Chinese journals","volume":"10","author":"Cheng","year":"2003","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2005.02.010","article-title":"Trace elements in agroecosystems and impacts on the environment","volume":"19","author":"He","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Trace Elem. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mao, X., Sun, J., Shaghaleh, H., Jiang, X., Yu, H., Zhai, S., and Hamoud, Y.A. (2023). Environmental Assessment of Soils and Crops Based on Heavy Metal Risk Analysis in Southeastern China. Agronomy, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy13041107"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e9427","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.9427","article-title":"Utilization of brewery wastes in food industry","volume":"8","author":"Gustaw","year":"2020","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1139\/cjm-2014-0233","article-title":"How could haloalkaliphilic microorganisms contribute to biotechnology?","volume":"60","author":"Zhao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Can. J. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.07.073","article-title":"Evaluating heavy metal accumulation and potential health risks in vegetables irrigated with treated wastewater","volume":"163","author":"Qureshi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112510","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2021.112510","article-title":"Effects of silicon on heavy metal uptake at the soil-plant interphase: A review","volume":"222","author":"Khan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2013.06.011","article-title":"Prediction of cadmium concentration in selected home-produced vegetables","volume":"96","author":"Lobnik","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1996","DOI":"10.1007\/s10646-014-1317-4","article-title":"Effect of soil HHCB on cadmium accumulation and phytotoxicity in wheat seedlings","volume":"23","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ecotoxicology"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2015.04.032","article-title":"Contamination of food crops grown on soils with elevated heavy metals content","volume":"118","author":"Dziubanek","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2017.03.048","article-title":"Cadmium in edible plants from Silesia, Poland, and its implications for health risk in populations","volume":"142","author":"Dziubanek","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25406","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-017-0103-2","article-title":"Effects of municipal solid waste- and sewage sludge-compost-based growing media on the yield and heavy metal content of four lettuce cultivars","volume":"24","author":"Gattullo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.05.296","article-title":"Accumulation of arsenic and lead in garden-grown vegetables: Factors and mitigation strategies","volume":"640\u2013641","author":"Paltseva","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1080\/15226514.2016.1207598","article-title":"Cadmium absorption and transportation pathways in plants","volume":"19","author":"Song","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Phytoremed."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2017.10.063","article-title":"Novel synthesis of cyano-functionalized mesoporous silica nanospheres (MSN) from coal fly ash for removal of toxic metals from wastewater","volume":"345","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33082","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-018-3307-1","article-title":"Emissions, environmental levels, sources, formation pathways, and analysis of polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans: A review","volume":"25","author":"Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_32","unstructured":"Grzegorczyk, L., and Stawi\u0144ski, K. (1975). Zarys Stomatologii Przemys\u0142owej, PZWL."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2015.01.011","article-title":"The impact of urban particulate pollution on skin barrier function and the subsequent drug absorption","volume":"78","author":"Pan","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Dermatol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"395","article-title":"Characterization of an inflammatory response","volume":"63","author":"Seweryn","year":"2009","journal-title":"Postepy Hig Med Dosw (Online)"},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"171","article-title":"Impact of the copper industry on the content of selected heavy metals and biochemical indicators in the blood of dairy cows","volume":"73","author":"Cwynar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med. Weter"},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"17","article-title":"Heavy metals causing toxicity in animal and fishes","volume":"2","author":"Pandey","year":"2014","journal-title":"Res. J. Anim. Vet. Fish. Sci."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7643-8340-4_6","article-title":"Heavy metal toxicity and the environment","volume":"Volume 3","author":"Tchounwou","year":"2012","journal-title":"Molecular, Clinical and Environmental Toxicology"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3944","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph120403944","article-title":"Relationship between the concentrations of heavy metals and bioelements in aging men with metabolic syndrome","volume":"12","author":"Rotter","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_39","first-page":"57","article-title":"Selected mineral and heavy metal concentrations in blood and tissues of vultures in different regions of South Africa","volume":"31","author":"Verdoorn","year":"2001","journal-title":"S. Afr. J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29592","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms161226183","article-title":"Heavy Metals and Human Health: Mechanistic Insight into Toxicity and Counter Defense System of Antioxidants","volume":"16","author":"Jan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/s00244-004-2222-2","article-title":"Responses of antioxidative enzymes to accumulation of copper in a copper hyperaccumulator of Commoelina communis","volume":"47","author":"Wang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-018-1328-8","article-title":"Chromium in Postmortem Material","volume":"186","author":"Lech","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biol. Trace Elem. Res."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29927","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-020-09354-3","article-title":"Toxic heavy metals: Impact on the environment and human health, and treatment with conducting organic polymers, a review","volume":"27","author":"Sall","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101865","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jksus.2022.101865","article-title":"Impact of heavy metals on the environment and human health: Novel therapeutic insights to counter the toxicity","volume":"34","author":"Mitra","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. King Saud Univ.-Sci."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1093\/bmb\/ldg032","article-title":"Hazards of heavy metal contamination","volume":"68","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br. Med. Bull."},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"169","article-title":"Toxic effects of heavy metals on plants, animals and humans","volume":"Volume 15","author":"Ociepa","year":"2012","journal-title":"In\u017cynieria i Ochrona \u015arodowiska"},{"key":"ref_47","first-page":"210","article-title":"Wp\u0142yw zwi\u0105zk\u00f3w rt\u0119ci na organizm cz\u0142owieka","volume":"9","author":"Kot","year":"2016","journal-title":"Farm. Wsp\u00f3\u0142czesna"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2006.09.008","article-title":"Skeletal actions of intermittent parathyroid hormone: Effects on bone remodelling and structure","volume":"40","author":"Compston","year":"2007","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665117000349","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency as a public health issue: Using Vitamin D2 or Vitamin D3 in future fortification strategies","volume":"76","author":"Wilson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc. Nutr. Soc."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Botelho, J., Machado, V., Proen\u00e7a, L., Delgado, A.S., and Mendes, J.J. (2020). Vitamin D Deficiency and Oral Health: A Comprehensive Review. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12051471"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.17219\/dmp\/134911","article-title":"Prospective evaluation of vitamin D levels in dental treated patients: A screening study","volume":"58","author":"Krawiec","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dent. Med. Probl."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Albalawi, O., Almubark, R., Almarshad, A., and Alqahtani, A.S. (2022). The Prevalence of Vitamin and Mineral Deficiencies and High Levels of Non-Essential Heavy Metals in Saudi Arabian Adults. Healthcare, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare10122415"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1097\/gme.0b013e3182377294","article-title":"The relationship between blood mercury level and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women","volume":"19","author":"Cho","year":"2012","journal-title":"Menopause J. N. Am. Menopause Soc."},{"key":"ref_54","unstructured":"(2003). Food Products-Determination of Trace Elements-Pressure Mineralization (Standard No. PN-EN 13805:2003)."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1177\/0748233713475497","article-title":"Effect of tocopherol on biochemicalbloodparameters in pleuritis-inducedratstreated with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin","volume":"31","author":"Dzierzba","year":"2015","journal-title":"Toxicol. Ind. Health"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bry\u0142a, E., Dobrzy\u0144ski, M., Konkol, D., Kuropka, P., Styczy\u0144ska, M., and Korczy\u0144ski, M. (2021). Toxic Metals Content in Impacted Third Molars and Adjacent Bone Tissue in Different Groups of Patients. Materials, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma14040793"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-6627-3_39","article-title":"Occurrence of disseminated intravascular coagulation in 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-induced pneumonia in the rat","volume":"788","author":"Calkosinski","year":"2013","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/57.1.167","article-title":"Metallothionein-I\/II null mice are sensitive to chronic oral cadmium-induced nephrotoxicity","volume":"57","author":"Liu","year":"2000","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.4236\/jep.2012.310156","article-title":"Study of Remediation of Soil Contamined with Heavy Metals by Coal Fly Ash","volume":"3","author":"Kalembkiewicz","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Environ. Prot."},{"key":"ref_60","unstructured":"Kabata-Pendias, A., and Pendias, H. (1999). Biogeochemistry of Trace Elements, Polish Scientific Publishing Company."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01193141","article-title":"The lead, cadmium and mercury concentrations in muscle, liver and kidney from Finnish pigs and cattle during 1987-1988","volume":"192","author":"Niemi","year":"1991","journal-title":"Z. Lebensm.-Unters. Forsch."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2015.00058","article-title":"Mechanisms of sensorineural cell damage, death and survival in the cochlea","volume":"7","author":"Wong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Aging. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2014.09.006","article-title":"Wilson disease and other neurodegenerations with metal accumulations","volume":"33","author":"Dusek","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurol. Clin."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2013.09.012","article-title":"Reference values of elements in human hair: A systematic review","volume":"36","author":"Mikulewicz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2011.02.009","article-title":"Exposure to metals from orthodontic appliances by hair mineral analysis","volume":"32","author":"Mikulewicz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2011.01.017","article-title":"Trace element concentrations in hair of healthy Chinese centenarians","volume":"409","author":"Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.890769","article-title":"Mapping chemical elements on the surface of orthodontic appliance by SEM-EDX","volume":"20","author":"Mikulewicz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Monit."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.2319\/090213-641.1","article-title":"The release of metal ions from orthodontic appliances animal tests","volume":"84","author":"Mikulewicz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Angle Orthod."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.17796\/1053-4628-40.2.152","article-title":"Primary Teeth and Hair as Indicators of Environmental Pollution","volume":"40","author":"Shishniashvili","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pediatr. Dent."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2006.04.023","article-title":"Lead and cadmium in human teeth from Jordan by atomic absorption spectrometry: Some factors influencing their concentrations","volume":"369","author":"Alomary","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rayad, S., Dobrzy\u0144ski, M., Ku\u017aniarski, A., Styczy\u0144ska, M., Diakowska, D., Gedrange, T., Klimas, S., G\u0119barowski, T., and Dominiak, M. (2023). An In-Vitro Evaluation of Toxic Metals Concentration in the Third Molars from Residents of the Legnica-G\u0142og\u00f3w Copper Area and Risk Factors Determining the Accumulation of Those Metals: A Pilot Study. Appl. Sci., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/app13052904"},{"key":"ref_72","first-page":"11","article-title":"Biomonitoring of lead in blood of children\u2014Short assessment of results 1991-2009","volume":"13","author":"Rudkowski","year":"2010","journal-title":"Med. Srod."},{"key":"ref_73","unstructured":"Collaborative on Health and the Environment\u2019s Learning and Developmental Disabilities (2023, August 17). Scientific Consensus Statement on Environmental Agents Associated with Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Available online: https:\/\/www.healthandenvironment.org\/docs\/xaruploads\/LDDIStatement.pdf."},{"key":"ref_74","first-page":"233","article-title":"Reassessment of critical lead effects by the German Human Biomonitoring Commission results in suspension of the human biomonitoring values (HBM I and HBM II) for lead in blood in children adults","volume":"4","author":"Wilhelm","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health"},{"key":"ref_75","first-page":"55","article-title":"Wp\u0142yw \u015brodowiskowego nara\u017cenia na rt\u0119\u0107 na funkcjonowanie organizmu cz\u0142owieka","volume":"16","author":"Cyran","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med. Srod."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.5604\/12321966.1152077","article-title":"Impact of heavy metals on the female reproductive system","volume":"22","author":"Rzymski","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. Agric. Environ. Med."},{"key":"ref_77","first-page":"1","article-title":"Mercury in primary teeth in preindustrial Norway","volume":"101","author":"Eide","year":"1993","journal-title":"Scand. J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-9697(00)00436-8","article-title":"Heavy metals in human primary teeth: Some factors influencing the metal concentrations","volume":"255","author":"Tvinnereim","year":"2000","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.3109\/00016359509005937","article-title":"Mercury content in rat teeth after administration of organic and inorganic mercury. The effects of interrupted exposure and of selenite","volume":"53","author":"Eide","year":"1995","journal-title":"Acta Odontol. Scand."},{"key":"ref_80","first-page":"77","article-title":"Concentration of lead, cadmium, and mercury in tissues of European beaver (Castor fiber) from the north-eastern Poland","volume":"58","author":"Spodniewska","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brodziak-Dopiera\u0142a, B., Fischer, A., Chrzanowska, M., and Ahnert, B. (2023). Mercury Exposure from the Consumption of Dietary Supplements Containing Vegetable, Cod Liver, and Shark Liver Oils. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20032129"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1007\/s00128-017-2098-2","article-title":"Heavy Metals Bioaccumulation in Tissues of Spiny-Cheek Crayfish (Orconectes limosus) from Lake Gop\u0142o: Effect of Age and Sex","volume":"98","author":"Stanek","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol."}],"container-title":["Journal of Xenobiotics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2039-4713\/13\/3\/29\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T20:40:07Z","timestamp":1760128807000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2039-4713\/13\/3\/29"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,27]]},"references-count":82,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]}},"alternative-id":["jox13030029"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jox13030029","relation":{},"ISSN":["2039-4713"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2039-4713"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,27]]}}}