{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T21:07:44Z","timestamp":1788469664252,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,27]],"date-time":"2023-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698364800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"USDA-ARS","award":["58-6066-1-025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["58-6066-1-025"]}]},{"name":"USDA-ARS","award":["88881.119611\/2016-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["88881.119611\/2016-01"]}]},{"name":"USDA-ARS","award":["88887.634814\/2021-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["88887.634814\/2021-00"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"CAPES\u2014Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["58-6066-1-025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["58-6066-1-025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"CAPES\u2014Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["88881.119611\/2016-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["88881.119611\/2016-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"CAPES\u2014Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["88887.634814\/2021-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["88887.634814\/2021-00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"UEPG-Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa","award":["58-6066-1-025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["58-6066-1-025"]}]},{"name":"UEPG-Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa","award":["88881.119611\/2016-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["88881.119611\/2016-01"]}]},{"name":"UEPG-Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa","award":["88887.634814\/2021-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["88887.634814\/2021-00"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoX"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Essential oils from five Baccharis species were screened for their toxicity and biting deterrence\/repellency against yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti (L.), and imported fire ants, including Solenopsis invicta Buren (RIFA), Solenopsis richteri Forel (BIFA) and their hybrids (HIFA). Baccharis microdonta DC. and B. punctulata DC. at 10 \u00b5g\/cm2 showed biting deterrence similar to DEET, N, N-diethyl-meta-toluamide at 25 nmol\/cm2, whereas the repellency of B. pauciflosculosa DC., B. sphenophylla Dus\u00e9n ex Malme and B. reticularioides Deble &amp; A.S. Oliveira essential oils was significantly lower than DEET against mosquitoes. Two major compounds from the active essential oils, kongol and spathulenol, also exhibited biting deterrence similar to DEET against mosquitoes. The highest toxicity exhibited against mosquitoes was by Baccharis punctulata essential oil (LC50 = 20.4 ppm), followed by B. pauciflosculosa (LC50 = 31.9 ppm), B. sphenophylla (LC50 = 30.8 ppm), B. microdonta (LC50 = 28.6 ppm), kongol (LC50 = 32.3 ppm), spathulenol (LC50 = 48.7 ppm) and B. reticularioides essential oil (LC50 = 84.4 ppm). Baccharis microdonta essential oil showed repellency against RIFA, BIFA and HIFA at 4.9, 4.9 and 39 \u00b5g\/g, respectively. Baccharis microdonta essential oil also showed toxicity with LC50 of 78.9, 97.5 and 136.5 \u00b5g\/g against RIFA, BIFA and HIFA, respectively, at 24 h post treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jox13040041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,27]],"date-time":"2023-10-27T11:18:52Z","timestamp":1698405532000},"page":"641-652","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Baccharis Species Essential Oils: Repellency and Toxicity against Yellow Fever Mosquitoes and Imported Fire Ants"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Abbas","family":"Ali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Natural Products Research, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6123-1860","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Farhan Mahmood","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Natural Products Research, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1873-2253","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jane","family":"Manfron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa 84030-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luciane M.","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa 84030-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0603-8184","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valter P.","family":"de Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa 84030-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7368-9644","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vijayasankar","family":"Raman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Natural Products Research, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5464-4643","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ikhlas A.","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Natural Products Research, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"58721","article-title":"Zika virus: Epidemiology, vector and sexual transmission neurological disorders and vector management\u2014A review","volume":"10","author":"Ali","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Curr. Res."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1038\/nature15535","article-title":"The effect of malaria control on Plasmodium falciparum in Africa between 2000 and 2015","volume":"526","author":"Bhatt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-ento-010814-020828","article-title":"Insecticide resistance in mosquitoes: Impact, mechanisms, and research directions","volume":"60","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Entomol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cois.2014.10.007","article-title":"The enigmatic reception of DEET\u2014The gold standard of insect repellents","volume":"6","author":"Leal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Insect Sci."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Frances, S.P. (2006). Efficacy and Safety of Repellents Containing Deet, CRC Press.","DOI":"10.1201\/9781420006650.ch16"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.en.20.010175.000245","article-title":"Biology and control of imported fire ants","volume":"20","author":"Lofgren","year":"1975","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Entomol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1111\/1440-1703.12076","article-title":"Invader at the gate: The status of red imported fire ant in Australia and Asia","volume":"35","author":"Wylie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ecol. Res."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envsci.2007.03.007","article-title":"Potential economic impact of introduction and spread of the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta, in Hawaii","volume":"10","author":"Gutrich","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Policy"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11252-019-00893-3","article-title":"Ecological and socio-economic impacts of the red import fire ant, Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), on urban agricultural ecosystems","volume":"23","author":"Chan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Urban Ecosyst."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Siddiqui, J.A., Zhang, Y., Luo, Y., Bamisile, B.S., Rehman, N.U., Islam, W., Qasim, M., Jiang, Q., and Xu, Y. (2022). Comprehensive detoxification mechanism assessment of red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta) against indoxacarb. Molecules, 27.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27030870"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2017.02.014","article-title":"Toxicity and sublethal effects of sulfoxaflor on the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta","volume":"139","author":"Pan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/S2095-3119(15)61072-3","article-title":"Insecticide induction of O-demethylase activity and expression of cytochrome P450 genes in the red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta Buren)","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Integr. Agric."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1007\/s10340-021-01474-0","article-title":"Red imported fire ants cover the insecticide-treated surfaces with particles to reduce contact toxicity","volume":"95","author":"Wen","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Pest Sci."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-7917.2012.01552.x","article-title":"Integrated pest management concepts for red imported fire ants Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)","volume":"20","author":"Drees","year":"2013","journal-title":"Insect Sci."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"13","article-title":"Essential oils a viable pest control alternative","volume":"5","author":"Garay","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Ecotoxicol. Ecobiol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.01591","article-title":"A review of resistance mechanisms of synthetic insecticides and botanicals, phytochemicals, and essential oils as alternative larvicidal agents against mosquitoes","volume":"10","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1093\/jee\/toab262","article-title":"Toxicity and repellency of Magnolia grandiflora seed essential oil and selected pure compounds against the workers of hybrid imported fire ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)","volume":"115","author":"Ali","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Econ. Entomol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ento.51.110104.151146","article-title":"Botanical insecticides, deterrents, and repellents in modern agriculture and an increasingly regulated world","volume":"51","author":"Isman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Entomol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-ento-011019-025010","article-title":"Botanical insecticides in the twenty-first century\u2014Fulfilling their promise?","volume":"65","author":"Isman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Entomol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1603\/ME10244","article-title":"Identification of mosquito biting deterrent constituents from the Indian folk remedy plant Jatropha curcas","volume":"48","author":"Cantrell","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Assadpour, E., Can Kara\u00e7a, A., Fasamanesh, M., Mahdavi, S.A., Shariat-Alavi, M., Feng, J., Kharazmi, M.S., Rehman, A., and Jafari, S.M. (2023). Application of essential oils as natural biopesticides; recent advances. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr., 1\u201321.","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2023.2170317"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1007\/s11101-019-09647-7","article-title":"Plant secondary metabolites against arthropods of medical importance","volume":"18","author":"Ntalli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Phytochem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guleria, S., and Tiku, A. (2009). Botanicals in Pest Management: Current Status and Future Perspectives. Integrated Pest Management: Innovation-Development Process, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4020-8992-3_12"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hedin, P.A. (1991). Naturally Occurring Pest Bioregulators, American Symposium Circular 449, ACS Publications.","DOI":"10.1021\/bk-1991-0449"},{"key":"ref_25","unstructured":"Wildey, K.B., and Robinson, W.H. (1993). Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Insect Pests in the Urban Environment, Cambridge, UK, 30 June\u20133 July 1993, St John\u2019s College."},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"368","article-title":"Assessment of repellency of nine phthalates against red imported fire ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) workers using ant digging behavior","volume":"40","author":"Chen","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Entomol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_27","unstructured":"Manfron, J., Farago, P.V., Khan, I.A., and Raman, V. (2022). Baccharis: From Evolutionary and Ecological Aspects to Social Uses and Medicinal Applications, Springer Nature."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1080\/10412905.2012.645634","article-title":"Composition of essential oils and secretory structures of Baccharis anomala, B. megapotamica and B. ochracea","volume":"24","author":"Budel","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Essent. Oil Res."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.23045","article-title":"Foliar anatomy and microscopy of six Brazilian species of Baccharis (Asteraceae)","volume":"81","author":"Budel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microsc. Res. Tech."},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"131","article-title":"Clasificaci\u00f3n infragen\u00e9rica de las especies argentinas de Baccharis (Asteraceae, Astereae)","volume":"39","author":"Giuliano","year":"2001","journal-title":"Darwiniana"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1080\/10412905.2012.728081","article-title":"Essential oils from Baccharis species (Asteraceae) have anti-inflammatory effects for human cells","volume":"24","author":"Budel","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Essent. Oil Res."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1080\/10412905.2016.1210039","article-title":"Essential oil constituents from high altitude Brazilian species with antimicrobial activity: Baccharis parvidentata Malag., Hyptis monticola Mart. ex Benth. and Lippia origanoides Kunth","volume":"29","author":"Perera","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Essent. Oil Res."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1080\/10412905.2015.1007217","article-title":"Chemical composition and biological activity of the essential oil of Baccharis obtusifolia Kunth from Loja, Ecuador","volume":"27","author":"Valarezo","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Essent. Oil Res."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2012.06.005","article-title":"Schistosoma mansoni: In vitro schistosomicidal activity of essential oil of Baccharis trimera (less) DC","volume":"132","author":"Rehder","year":"2012","journal-title":"Exp. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Budel, J.M., Wang, M., Raman, V., Zhao, J., Khan, S.I., Rehman, J.U., Techen, N., Tekwani, B., Monteiro, L.M., and Heiden, G. (2018). Essential oils of five Baccharis species: Investigations on the chemical composition and biological activities. Molecules, 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23102620"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2012.03.024","article-title":"Chemical composition, anti-insect and antimicrobial activity of Baccharis darwinii essential oil from Argentina, Patagonia","volume":"40","author":"Kurdelas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ind. Crops Prod."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Botas, G.D.S., Cruz, R.A.S., De Almeida, F.B., Duarte, J.L., Ara\u00fajo, R.S., Souto, R.N.P., Ferreira, R., Carvalho, J.C.T., Santos, M.G., and Rocha, L. (2017). Baccharis reticularia DC. and limonene nanoemulsions: Promising larvicidal agents for Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) control. Molecules, 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules22111990"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31718","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-018-3149-x","article-title":"Baccharis dracunculifolia (Asteraceae) essential oil toxicity to Culex quinquefasciatus (Culicidae)","volume":"25","author":"Alves","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2021.113282","article-title":"Nano-emulsions of the essential oil of Baccharis reticularia and its constituents as eco-friendly repellents against Tribolium castaneum","volume":"162","author":"Lima","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ind. Crops Prod."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shaaya, E., and Rafaeli, A. (2007). Insecticides Design Using Advanced Technologies, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-46907-0"},{"key":"ref_41","unstructured":"Isman, M.B., Machial, C.M., Miresmailli, S., and Bainard, L.D. (2007). Pesticide Chemistry: Crop Protection, Public Health, Environmental Safety, John Wiley & Sons, Inc."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/S1532-0456(01)00255-1","article-title":"Insecticidal activity of essential oils: Octopaminergic sites of action","volume":"130","author":"Enan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol. Part C Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pestbp.2010.07.003","article-title":"Effects of monoterpenoid insecticides on [3H]-TBOB binding in house fly GABA receptor and 36Cl\u2014Uptake in American cockroach ventral nerve cord","volume":"98","author":"Tong","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pestic. Biochem. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gaire, S., Zheng, W., Scharf, M.E., and Gondhalekar, A.D. (2021). Plant essential oil constituents enhance deltamethrin toxicity in a resistant population of bed bugs (Cimex lectularius L.) by inhibiting cytochrome P450 enzymes. Pestic. Biochem. Physiol., 175.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pestbp.2021.104829"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Norris, E.J., Johnson, J.B., Gross, A.D., Bartholomay, L.C., and Coats, J.R. (2018). Plant essential oils enhance diverse pyrethroids against multiple strains of mosquitoes and inhibit detoxification enzyme processes. Insects, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/insects9040132"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1370","DOI":"10.1603\/ME12026","article-title":"Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) biting deterrence: Structure-activity relationship of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids","volume":"49","author":"Ali","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1749","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2005.01.007","article-title":"Insecticidal, repellent and oviposition-deterrent activity of selected essential oils against Anopheles stephensi, Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus","volume":"96","author":"Prajapati","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"ref_48","unstructured":"Kaur, G., Kaur, R., and Kaur, S. (2023). Essential Oils: Extraction Methods and Applications, John Wiley & Sons, Inc."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2014.09.052","article-title":"Activities of Apiaceae essential oils and volatile compounds on hatchability, development, reproduction and nutrition of Pseudaletia unipuncta (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)","volume":"63","author":"Sousa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ind. Crops Prod."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Giatropoulos, A., Koliopoulos, G., Pantelakis, P.-N., Papachristos, D., and Michaelakis, A. (2023). Evaluating the Sublethal Effects of Origanum vulgare Essential Oil and Carvacrol on the Biological Characteristics of Culex pipiens biotype molestus (Diptera: Culicidae). Insects, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/insects14040400"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cantrell, C.L., Ali, A., and Jones, A.M.P. (2018). Isolation and identification of mosquito biting deterrents from the North American mosquito repelling folk remedy plant, Matricaria discoidea DC. PLoS ONE, 13.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0206594"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.25135\/rnp.378.2211.2627","article-title":"Chemical compositions of essential oils from German, Roman, and Chinese Chamomile flowers and their biological activities against three economically important insect pests","volume":"17","author":"Ali","year":"2023","journal-title":"Rec. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shah, F.M., Guddeti, D.K., Paudel, P., Chen, J., Li, X.-C., Khan, I.A., and Ali, A. (2023). Matricaria chamomilla essential oils: Repellency and toxicity against imported fire ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Molecules, 28.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28145584"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2007.04.066","article-title":"Mosquito repellent activity of essential oils of aromatic plants growing in Argentina","volume":"99","author":"Gillij","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1573(199808)12:5<350::AID-PTR311>3.0.CO;2-7","article-title":"Insecticidal activity of essential oils on Aedes aegypti larvae","volume":"12","author":"Chantraine","year":"1998","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3944","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-83557-7","article-title":"Insecticidal and oviposition deterrent effects of essential oils of Baccharis spp. and histological assessment against Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae)","volume":"11","author":"Bernardi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1093\/jee\/101.2.265","article-title":"Repellency of callicarpenal and intermedeol against workers of imported fire ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)","volume":"101","author":"Chen","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Econ. Entomol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paudel, P., Shah, F.M., Guddeti, D.K., Ali, A., Chen, J., Khan, I.A., and Li, X.-C. (2023). Repellency of carvacrol, thymol, and their Acetates against Imported Fire Ants. Insects, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/insects14100790"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1093\/jee\/97.2.575","article-title":"Repellency and toxicity of mint oil granules to red imported fire ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)","volume":"97","author":"Appel","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Econ. Entomol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1007\/s10340-022-01501-8","article-title":"Eugenol derivatives: Strong and long-lasting repellents against both undisturbed and disturbed red imported fire ants","volume":"96","author":"He","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Pest Sci."},{"key":"ref_61","unstructured":"Lard, C.F., Schmidt, J., Morris, B., Estes, L., Ryan, C., and Bergquist, D. (2006). An Economic Impact of Imported Fire Ants in the United States of America, Texas A&M University, Department of Agricultural Economics, Texas Agricultural Experiment Station."},{"key":"ref_62","first-page":"123","article-title":"Economic assessments of red imported fire ant on Texas\u2019 urban and agricultural sectors","volume":"25","author":"Lard","year":"2002","journal-title":"Southwest. Entomol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1093\/jisesa\/ieu103","article-title":"Insecticidal, fumigant, and repellent activities of sweet wormwood oil and its individual components against red imported fire ant workers (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Insect Sci."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1093\/jisesa\/iev112","article-title":"Fumigant toxicity and repellence activity of camphor essential oil from Cinnamonum camphora Siebold against Solenopsis invicta workers (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)","volume":"15","author":"Fu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Insect Sci."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1603\/EC12230","article-title":"Toxicity and repellency of compounds from clove (Syzygium aromaticum) to red imported fire ants Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)","volume":"106","author":"Kafle","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Econ Entomol."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1007\/s13355-019-00613-5","article-title":"Wasabi versus red imported fire ants: Preliminary test of repellency of microencapsulated allyl isothiocyanate against Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) using bait traps in Taiwan","volume":"54","author":"Hashimoto","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl. Entomol. Zool."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.2987\/8756-971X(2005)21[64:ANIVBS]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"A new in vitro bioassay system for discovery of novel human-use mosquito repellents1","volume":"21","author":"Klun","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/44.2.263","article-title":"Structure\u2013activity relationships of 33 piperidines as toxicants against female adults of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)","volume":"44","author":"Pridgeon","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.2307\/2409138","article-title":"Biochemical phenotypic and genetic studies of two introduced fire ants and their hybrid (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)","volume":"41","author":"Ross","year":"1987","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"ref_70","unstructured":"Adams, R.P. (2007). Identification of Essential Oil Components by Gas Chromatography\/Mass Spectrometry, Allured Publishing Corporation. [4th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9673(01)81487-4","article-title":"Gas chromatographic retention indices of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes on methyl silicon and Carbowax 20M phases","volume":"503","author":"Davies","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"}],"container-title":["Journal of Xenobiotics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2039-4713\/13\/4\/41\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T21:13:00Z","timestamp":1760130780000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2039-4713\/13\/4\/41"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,27]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["jox13040041"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jox13040041","relation":{},"ISSN":["2039-4713"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2039-4713","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,27]]}}}