{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T07:58:57Z","timestamp":1789804737117,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":292,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,5]],"date-time":"2023-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701734400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute KIBANKEIHI"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoX"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bisphenol A (BPA; 4,4\u2032-isopropylidenediphenol) is a well-known endocrine disruptor. Most human exposure to BPA occurs through the consumption of BPA-contaminated foods. Cardiovascular or cardiometabolic diseases such as diabetes, obesity, hypertension, acute kidney disease, chronic kidney disease, and heart failure are the leading causes of death worldwide. Positive associations have been reported between blood or urinary BPA levels and cardiovascular or cardiometabolic diseases. BPA also induces disorders or dysfunctions in the tissues associated with these diseases through various cell signaling pathways. This review highlights the literature elucidating the relationship between BPA and various cardiovascular or cardiometabolic diseases and the potential mechanisms underlying BPA-mediated disorders or dysfunctions in tissues such as blood vessels, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, liver, pancreas, kidney, and heart that are associated with these diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jox13040049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,5]],"date-time":"2023-12-05T08:09:17Z","timestamp":1701763757000},"page":"775-810","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Bisphenol A (BPA) and Cardiovascular or Cardiometabolic Diseases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9229-3063","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeong-Hun","family":"Kang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 6-1 Shinmachi, Kishibe, Osaka 564-8565, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4015-6694","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daisuke","family":"Asai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Microbiology, Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3-3165 Higashi-Tamagawagakuen, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9700-4531","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Riki","family":"Toita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-8-31 Midorigaoka, Osaka 563-8577, Japan"},{"name":"AIST-Osaka University Advanced Photonics and Biosensing Open Innovation Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2-1 Yamadaoka, Osaka 565-0871, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1559325815598308","DOI":"10.1177\/1559325815598308","article-title":"Global assessment of bisphenol A in the environment: Review and analysis of its occurrence and bioaccumulation","volume":"13","author":"Corrales","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dose Response"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2006.06.009","article-title":"Human exposure to bisphenol A","volume":"226","author":"Kang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2019.06.012","article-title":"Bisphenol A in food as a result of its migration from food packaging","volume":"91","author":"Vilarinho","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends. 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