{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T06:39:51Z","timestamp":1790836791837,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,22]],"date-time":"2024-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721606400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"French Institute of Cancer (INCa) and the French Institute for Public Health Research (IResP)","award":["n\u00b0INCa_11505"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["n\u00b0INCa_11505"]}]},{"name":"University of Lille and Inserm","award":["n\u00b0INCa_11505"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["n\u00b0INCa_11505"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoX"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Although the effects of cigarette smoke (CS) on the development of several intestinal diseases is well documented, the impact of e-cigarette aerosol (e-cig) on digestive health is largely unknown. To compare the effects of e-cig and CS on mouse ileum and colon, animals were chronically exposed for 6 months by nose-only inhalation to e-cig at 18 or 30 W power, or to 3R4F CS. Results showed that e-cig exposure decreased colon cell proliferation. Several other proliferative defects were observed in response to both e-cig and CS exposure, including up- and down-regulation of cyclin D1 protein levels in the ileum and colon, respectively. E-cig and CS exposure reduced myeloperoxidase activity in the ileum. In the colon, both exposures disrupted gene expression of cytokines and T cell transcription factors. For tight junction genes, ZO-1- and occludin-protein expression levels were reduced in the ileum and colon, respectively, by e-cig and CS exposure. The 16S sequencing of microbiota showed specific mild dysbiosis, according to the type of exposure. Overall, e-cig exposure led to altered proliferation, inflammation, and barrier function in both the ileum and colon, and therefore may be a gut hazard on par with conventional CS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jox14030053","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,25]],"date-time":"2024-07-25T13:10:28Z","timestamp":1721913028000},"page":"950-969","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Chronic Exposure to Both Electronic and Conventional Cigarettes Alters Ileum and Colon Turnover, Immune Function, and Barrier Integrity in Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3557-4103","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Madjid","family":"Djouina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. 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