{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T02:03:54Z","timestamp":1790906634284,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,4]],"date-time":"2024-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730678400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JoX"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Processed foods, accounting for most consumable food categories today, contain considerable amounts of food additives. Food additives are substances added to food products to improve taste, consistency, appearance, or shelf life. Various food additives, such as phthalates, bisphenol A, tartrazine, erythrosine, artificial sweeteners, and parabens, have been identified as potential sources of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in processed foods. EDCs are substances that frequently interfere with the regular functioning of the endocrine system, creating an unusual environment in the biological system, which leads to adverse health effects such as the disruption of hormone synthesis, receptor binding, and signal transduction pathways, as well as energy metabolic homeostatic disorders which potentially increasing the risk of obesity, type-2 diabetes, cardiometabolic diseases and may also trigger allergic reactions. Consequently, they can also impact mammary gland development, and reproductive function, further leading to developmental abnormalities. This review aims to insights into the various food additives that act as potential endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and to describe their applications in the food industry, as well as the failure of hormonal homeostatic mechanisms, which eventually result in hazardous health effects. It also outlines strategies to reduce the use of food additives and suggests alternative additives with minimal or no endocrine-disrupting properties, highlighting their importance for maintaining human health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jox14040090","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]],"date-time":"2024-11-05T10:42:40Z","timestamp":1730803360000},"page":"1697-1710","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Additives in Processed Foods as a Potential Source of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals: A Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2626-6910","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anand","family":"Paramasivam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, RVS Dental College and Hospital (Affiliated to The Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University, Chennai 600032, Tamil Nadu, India), Kumaran Kottam Campus, Kannampalayan, Coimbatore 641402, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajadurai","family":"Murugan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Life and Allied Health Sciences, M S Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bangalore 560054, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathew","family":"Jeraud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah 22421, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angel","family":"Dakkumadugula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Division, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5600-8365","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ravisankar","family":"Periyasamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, SRM Dental College, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Bharathi Salai, Ramapuram Campus, Chennai 600089, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Selvam","family":"Arjunan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lerner Research Institute, Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2018.08.060","article-title":"Analytical methods in food additives determination: Compounds with functional applications","volume":"272","author":"Martins","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.50.588.620","article-title":"Food additives","volume":"50","author":"Spencer","year":"1974","journal-title":"Postgrad. 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