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These compounds and their degraded products disrupt microbial dynamics, hinder plant survival, and affect human health. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop electroanalytical assessment techniques for their identification, determination, and monitoring. In our study, ZnO-PANI nanocomposites were electrodeposited on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE), followed by the immobilization of laccase enzymes and the electrodeposition of polypyrrole (PPy), to form a biosensor that was used for the detection of CTAB. A UV-Vis analysis showed bands corresponding to the \u03c0-\u03c0* transition of benzenoid and quinoid rings, \u03c0-polaron band transition and n-\u03c0*polaronic transitions associated with the extended coil chain conformation of PANI, and the presence and interaction of ZnO with PANI and type 3 copper in the laccase enzymes. The FTIR analysis exhibited peaks corresponding to N-H and C-N stretches and bends for amine, C=C stretches for conjugated alkenes, and a C-H bend for aromatic compounds. A high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM) analysis proved that PANI and ZnO-PANI were deposited as fibres with hairy topography resulting from covalent bonding with the laccase enzymes. The modified electrode (PPy-6\/GCE) was used as a platform for the detection of CTAB with three linear ranges of 0.5\u2013100 \u00b5M, 200\u2013500 \u00b5M, and 700\u20131900 \u00b5M. The sensor displayed a high sensitivity of 0.935 \u03bcA \u03bcM\u22121 cm\u22122, a detection limit of 0.0116 \u00b5M, and acceptable recoveries of 95.02% and 87.84% for tap water and wastewater, respectively.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jox14040106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,17]],"date-time":"2024-12-17T06:26:12Z","timestamp":1734416772000},"page":"1988-2002","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["ZnO\u2013Polyaniline Nanocomposite Functionalised with Laccase Enzymes for Electrochemical Detection of Cetyltrimethylammonuium Bromide (CTAB)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3801-3996","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hilda Dinah","family":"Kyomuhimbo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Usisipho","family":"Feleni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (iNanoWS), College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Johannesburg 1709, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0673-0376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nils Hendrik","family":"Haneklaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Td Lab Sustainable Mineral Resources, University for Continuing Education Krems, Dr.-Karl-Dorrek-Stra\u00dfe 30, 3500 Krems an der Donau, Austria"},{"name":"Unit for Energy and Technology Systems\u2014Nuclear Engineering, North-West University, 11 Hoffman Street, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4699-6152","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hendrik Gideon","family":"Brink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2020.122299","article-title":"Environmental behaviour and ecotoxicity of cationic surfactants towards marine organisms","volume":"392","author":"Kaczerewska","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. 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