{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T10:34:03Z","timestamp":1786358043812,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786320000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Research, Development, and Innovation Fund of Hungary","award":["TKP2021-NKTA-32"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TKP2021-NKTA-32"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Xenobiot.","JoX"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Growing interest in underutilized plant resources has increased the need for comprehensive characterization of their elemental composition. This study investigated the elemental composition of Adansonia digitata L. bark collected from two ecologically distinct regions of Sudan and compared elemental distributions among three bark sample forms: whole, cryogenically ground bark (Bark-N), mechanically separated powder (Bark-P), and fibre fraction (Bark-F). Following HNO3\u2013H2O2 wet digestion, elemental concentrations were determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Generalized linear mixed-effects models revealed significant differences in regional and bark sample forms for several essential macroelements, essential trace elements, and other naturally occurring elements. Samples from the Blue Nile region contained higher concentrations of K, P, Fe, Cu, Co, and Mo, whereas bark from North Kordofan showed higher Mg, Na, Mn, Zn, Ba, and Sr concentrations. Distinct elemental profiles were also observed among the three bark sample forms. Selected potentially toxic elements (Pb, Cd, Cr, and As) were detected at low concentrations, providing baseline data for preliminary elemental safety screening. In general, this study provides one of the first comprehensive elemental characterizations of Sudanese baobab bark and establishes a reference dataset for future compositional, pharmaceutical, and industrial research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jox16040147","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T09:24:53Z","timestamp":1786353893000},"page":"147","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Elemental Composition of Adansonia digitata L. Bark from Two Sudanese Regions: Effects of Sample Preparation and Preliminary Safety Screening"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1752-9894","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdelhakam Esmaeil Mohamed","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Agriculture, Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, B\u00f6sz\u00f6rm\u00e9nyi Str. 138, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary"},{"name":"Faculty of Forestry, University of Khartoum, Khartoum North 13314, Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8870-8577","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdaljbbar B. A.","family":"Dawod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Forestry, University of Khartoum, Khartoum North 13314, Sudan"},{"name":"Faculty of Informatics, University of Debrecen, Kassai Str. 26, 4028 Debrecen, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-7979-9859","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eltayeb Omaima Awad","family":"Mustafa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Ministry of Health, Osman Digna Street, P.O. Box 303, Khartoum 11111, Sudan"},{"name":"Sudan Medical Specialization Board, Isbitalia Street, Khartoum 13315, Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ismail H.","family":"Abdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Garissa University, Garissa P.O. Box 1801-70100, Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-3944-3402","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elshafia Ali Hamid","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Agriculture, Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, B\u00f6sz\u00f6rm\u00e9nyi Str. 138, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary"},{"name":"Integrated Pest Management Research Center, Agricultural Research Corporation, Wad Madani 21111, Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6439-4753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"B\u00e9la","family":"Kov\u00e1cs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Agriculture, Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, B\u00f6sz\u00f6rm\u00e9nyi Str. 138, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jagelavi\u010di\u016bt\u0117, J., Ba\u0161inskien\u0117, L., and \u010ci\u017eeikien\u0117, D. 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