{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T12:24:15Z","timestamp":1787660655840,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":142,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787616000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Xenobiotics","JoX"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\u2013Aim: Children represent a particularly susceptible population to endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC) exposure; however, biomonitoring data in this population remain limited. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study using hair biomonitoring to simultaneously assess the concentrations of phthalate metabolites (PMs), triclosan (TCS) and triclocarban (TCC) in children with obesity (OB), type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D), and hypothalamic\u2013pituitary-related diseases (HPRD), through hair biomonitoring. Methods: Liquid chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was used to measure TCS, TCC and PM levels in head hair samples from 212 children, categorized into control, T1D, HPRD and OB groups. PMs and TCS levels were compared across groups and evaluated in relation to health issues, cosmetics exposure, dietary habits, cardiometabolic, and somatometric parameters. Results: Our hair biomonitoring results showed that the most commonly detected EDCs were MEHP, MBP, MiBP, and TCS, with detection frequencies of samples 95.3%, 84.4%, 79.7%, and 60.8%, respectively. Children with T1D had statistically significantly higher mean MEHP concentrations than the control group. Children with HPRD exhibited higher PM concentrations, primarily driven by elevated mean MEHP and MBP levels compared with the control group. In contrast, mean MiBP levels were lower in the OB group than in the control group. Regarding TCS levels, no statistically significant differences were observed across the disease groups compared with controls. TCS was inversely associated with somatometric parameters in the OB group. Subgroup analyses by age, sex, residence area, and maternal education were conducted to assess statistically significant differences in concentrations of PM and TCS. Conclusions: Overall, our biomonitoring results indicate group-specific concentration patterns of PMs and TCS among children with T1D, HPRD and OB groups compared to the control group. In particular, PM levels were higher in children with T1D and HPRD and lower in those with OB groups compared to the control group. As a result, this is the first study to assess PM and TCS concentrations in children across clinical groups, using hair matrix.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jox16050158","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T11:27:19Z","timestamp":1787657239000},"page":"158","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Hair-Based Biomonitoring of Phthalate Metabolites and Triclosan in Childhood: Links with Metabolic and Endocrine Disorders"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Michail","family":"Koukakis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stella","family":"Baliou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6507-8691","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Athanasios","family":"Alegakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Vakonaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimitra","family":"Volakaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilianna","family":"Maniadaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Heraklion, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleftheria","family":"Papadopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Heraklion, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimitris","family":"Mamoulakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Heraklion, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marilia","family":"Lioudaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Heraklion, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanouil","family":"Paraskakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Heraklion, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5893-2121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ioannis","family":"Germanakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Heraklion, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3824-2462","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aristides","family":"Tsatsakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece"},{"name":"Human Development and Health Science Faculty, Universidad ECOTEC, Samborondon 092302, Ecuador"},{"name":"Biomedical Science and Technology Park, Sechenov I.M. First State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manolis N.","family":"Tzatzarakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1671","DOI":"10.55730\/1300-0144.6129","article-title":"Endocrine Disruptors and Children\u2019s Health","volume":"55","author":"Saygili","year":"2025","journal-title":"Turk. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00017.2015","article-title":"Male Reproductive Disorders and Fertility Trends: Influences of Environment and Genetic Susceptibility","volume":"96","author":"Skakkebaek","year":"2016","journal-title":"Physiol. 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