{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T02:16:27Z","timestamp":1776132987803,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,14]],"date-time":"2020-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1586822400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a genetic disorder of cholesterol metabolism that affects an estimated 1\/250 persons in the United States and abroad. FH is hallmarked by high low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and an increased risk of premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. This review summarizes recent global evidence showing the utility of FH genetic testing across diverse populations. Clinical and other qualitative outcomes following FH genetic testing were improved FH diagnosis, treatment initiation or continued treatment, treatment modification, improved total or LDL cholesterol levels, education on lifestyle management, and genetic counseling. This summary of evidence should be considered by those seeking overall evidence and knowledge gaps on the utility of FH genetic testing from a global perspective and for certain ethnic and age populations. These findings can be used to inform insurance policies and coverage decisions for FH genetic testing, policy recommendations to reduce the clinical and public health burden of FH, clinical practice and guidelines to improve the management of FH populations, and ongoing research involving FH genetic testing. We conclude that further investigations are needed to examine: (1) non-clinical outcomes following FH genetic testing; (2) patient-reported outcomes following FH genetic testing to convey patient experiences, values, and goals; and (3) clinical outcomes following FH genetic testing in non-Caucasian and pediatric populations in the United States and abroad.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm10020023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,15]],"date-time":"2020-04-15T04:01:46Z","timestamp":1586923306000},"page":"23","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["A Global Review on the Utility of Genetic Testing for Familial Hypercholesterolemia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3390-2583","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachele M.","family":"Hendricks-Sturrup","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jodi","family":"Clark-LoCascio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pallavi Patel College of Health Care Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christine Y.","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.018791","article-title":"Prevalence of Familial Hypercholesterolemia in the 1999 to 2012 United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES)CLINICAL PERSPECTIVE","volume":"133","author":"Rodday","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2011.04.003","article-title":"Familial Hypercholesterolemia: Screening, diagnosis and management of pediatric and adult patients: Clinical guidance from the National Lipid Association Expert Panel on Familial Hypercholesterolemia","volume":"5","author":"Goldberg","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Lipidol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.051313","article-title":"Heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia: An underrecognized cause of early cardiovascular disease","volume":"174","author":"Yuan","year":"2006","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"(2018, July 06). Genetics Home Reference, APOB Gene, Available online: https:\/\/ghr.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/APOB."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"(2018, July 06). Genetics Home Reference, LDLR Gene, Available online: https:\/\/ghr.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/LDLR."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"(2018, July 06). Genetics Home Reference, PCSK9 Gene, Available online: https:\/\/ghr.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/PCSK9."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"Adam, M.P., Ardinger, H.H., Pagon, R.A., Wallace, S.E., Bean, L.J., Stephens, K., and Amemiya, A. (1993). Familial Hypercholesterolemia. GeneReviews\u00ae, University of Washington."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2014.05.019","article-title":"Mutations in stap1 are associated with autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia","volume":"235","author":"Fouchier","year":"2014","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"(2018, August 28). Genetics Home Reference, APOE Gene, Available online: https:\/\/ghr.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/APOE."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11995","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-48402-y","article-title":"Evaluation of the role of STAP1 in Familial Hypercholesterolemia","volume":"9","author":"Danyel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"(2018, July 06). Genetics Home Reference, LDLRAP1 Gene, Available online: https:\/\/ghr.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/LDLRAP1."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"e596","article-title":"2019 ACC\/AHA Guideline on the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: A Report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines","volume":"140","author":"Arnett","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"(2018, July 06). Xanthoma: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia, Available online: https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/ency\/article\/001447.htm."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1007\/s11897-017-0366-4","article-title":"Clinical Application of Genetic Testing in Heart Failure","volume":"14","author":"Morales","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Heart Fail. Rep."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"(2019, May 24). The ICD-10 Codes For Familial Hypercholesterolemia Are Approved!. Available online: https:\/\/thefhfoundation.org\/the-icd-10-codes-for-familial-hypercholesterolemia-are-approved."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abdul-Razak, S., Rahmat, R., Mohd Kasim, A., Rahman, T.A., Muid, S., Nasir, N.M., Ibrahim, Z., Kasim, S., Ismail, Z., and Abdul Ghani, R. (2017). Diagnostic performance of various familial hypercholesterolaemia diagnostic criteria compared to Dutch lipid clinic criteria in an Asian population. BMC Cardiovasc. Disord., 17.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-017-0694-z"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3478","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/eht273","article-title":"Familial hypercholesterolaemia is underdiagnosed and undertreated in the general population: Guidance for clinicians to prevent coronary heart disease Consensus Statement of the European Atherosclerosis Society","volume":"34","author":"Nordestgaard","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.05.015","article-title":"Simplified Canadian Definition for Familial Hypercholesterolemia","volume":"34","author":"Ruel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Can. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1007\/s40291-019-00405-1","article-title":"A Novel Modified System of Simplified Chinese Criteria for Familial Hypercholesterolemia (SCCFH)","volume":"23","author":"Cao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Diagn. Ther."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.8543","article-title":"Cascade Screening for Familial Hypercholesterolemia and the Use of Genetic Testing","volume":"318","author":"Knowles","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"aaf7000","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaf7000","article-title":"Genetic identification of familial hypercholesterolemia within a single U.S. health care system","volume":"354","author":"Manickam","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2017.2352","article-title":"Role of Genetic Testing in Inherited Cardiovascular Disease: A Review","volume":"2","author":"Cirino","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_23","unstructured":"(2018, November 30). Feature|Familial Hypercholesterolemia: Clinician and Patient Insights. Available online: http%3a%2f%2fwww.acc.org%2flatest-in-cardiology%2farticles%2f2018%2f10%2f14%2f12%2f42%2ffeature-familial-hypercholesterolemia-clinician-and-patient-insights."},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"EAS Familial Hypercholesterolaemia Studies Collaboration, Vallejo-Vaz, A.J., De Marco, M., Stevens, C.A.T., Akram, A., Freiberger, T., Hovingh, G.K., Kastelein, J.J.P., Mata, P., and Raal, F.J. (2018). Overview of the current status of familial hypercholesterolaemia care in over 60 countries\u2014The EAS Familial Hypercholesterolaemia Studies Collaboration (FHSC). Atherosclerosis, 277, 234\u2013255."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2019.07.629","article-title":"Finding the Familial Hypercholesterolemia Needle in Acute Coronary Syndrome: The Haystack Is Smaller Than You Think","volume":"35","author":"Gupta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Can. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Page, M.M., Bell, D.A., and Watts, G.F. (2019). Widening the spectrum of genetic testing in familial hypercholesterolaemia: Will it translate into better patient and population outcomes?. Clin. Genet.","DOI":"10.1111\/cge.13685"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e002146","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCGEN.118.002146","article-title":"Healthcare Utilization and Patients\u2019 Perspectives After Receiving a Positive Genetic Test for Familial Hypercholesterolemia","volume":"11","author":"Jones","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circ. Genom. Precis. Med."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.13898","article-title":"Parent\u2013child genetic testing for familial hypercholesterolaemia in an Australian context","volume":"54","author":"Pang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Paediatr. Child Health"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1007\/s00508-016-1053-2","article-title":"Genetic testing of familial hypercholesterolemia in a real clinical setting","volume":"128","author":"Vohnout","year":"2016","journal-title":"Wien. Klin. Wochenschr."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.2459\/JCM.0000000000000620","article-title":"Lomitapide in homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia: Cardiology perspective from a single-center experience","volume":"19","author":"Sperlongano","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Med."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1732","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.08.009","article-title":"Genetically Confirmed Familial Hypercholesterolemia in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome","volume":"70","author":"Castillo","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1007\/s12098-017-2589-5","article-title":"Familial Hypercholesterolemia: Cascade Screening in Children and Relatives of the Affected","volume":"85","author":"Setia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indian J. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.22809","article-title":"Reverse cascade screening for familial hypercholesterolemia in high-risk Chinese families","volume":"40","author":"Wu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2018.06.013","article-title":"Homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia in Vietnam: Case series, genetics and cascade testing of families","volume":"277","author":"Truong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"ref_35","unstructured":"Tan, K., Cheung, C., Yeung, C., Siu, D., Leung, J., and Pang, H. (2020, February 08). Genetic Screening for Familial Hypercholesterolaemia in Hong Kong|HKMJ. Available online: https:\/\/www.hkmj.org\/abstracts\/v24%20Suppl%203n3\/7.htm."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.endinu.2017.12.009","article-title":"Programa de cribado en cascada para la detecci\u00f3n de la hipercolesterolemia familiar","volume":"65","author":"Mata","year":"2018","journal-title":"Endocrinol. Diabetes Nutr."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2018.09.039","article-title":"Detecting familial hypercholesterolemia earlier in life by actively searching for affected children: The DECOPIN project","volume":"278","author":"Ibarretxe","year":"2018","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1704","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2017-02622","article-title":"A Comparative Analysis of Phenotypic Predictors of Mutations in Familial Hypercholesterolemia","volume":"103","author":"Chan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1038\/s41436-018-0311-2","article-title":"Recall by genotype and cascade screening for familial hypercholesterolemia in a population-based biobank from Estonia","volume":"21","author":"Alver","year":"2019","journal-title":"Genet. Med."},{"key":"ref_40","first-page":"5","article-title":"Genomic testing is best integrated into clinical practice when it is actionable","volume":"17","author":"Linsky","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pers. Med."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1262","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487319829746","article-title":"Genetic testing for familial hypercholesterolemia: Impact on diagnosis, treatment and cardiovascular risk","volume":"26","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Prev. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.23154","article-title":"Prevalence of familial hypercholesterolemia in patients with premature myocardial infarction","volume":"42","author":"Cui","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_43","unstructured":"(2019, May 24). Health Disparities among Adult Patients with a Phenotypic Diagnosis of Familial Hypercholesterolemia in the CASCADE-FHTM Patient Registry\u2014Atherosclerosis. Available online: https:\/\/www.atherosclerosis-journal.com\/article\/S0021-9150(17)31326-6\/fulltext."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hendricks-Sturrup, R.M., and Lu, C.Y. (2019). Understanding Implementation Challenges to Genetic Testing for Familial Hypercholesterolemia in the United States. J. Pers. Med., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm9010009"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liberati, A., Altman, D.G., Tetzlaff, J., Mulrow, C., G\u00f8tzsche, P.C., Ioannidis, J.P.A., Clarke, M., Devereaux, P.J., Kleijnen, J., and Moher, D. (2009). The PRISMA Statement for Reporting Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses of Studies That Evaluate Health Care Interventions: Explanation and Elaboration. PLoS Med., 6.","DOI":"10.2427\/5768"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2017.1630","article-title":"Delivery Of Cascade Screening For Hereditary Conditions: A Scoping Review Of The Literature","volume":"37","author":"Roberts","year":"2018","journal-title":"Health Aff."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.05.044","article-title":"Clinical Genetic Testing for Familial Hypercholesterolemia: JACC Scientific Expert Panel","volume":"72","author":"Sturm","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.4103\/2229-3485.86879","article-title":"Patient-reported outcomes: A new era in clinical research","volume":"2","author":"Deshpande","year":"2011","journal-title":"Perspect. Clin. Res."},{"key":"ref_49","first-page":"bcr-2018-225259","article-title":"Genetic testing for a patient with suspected familial hypercholesterolaemia","volume":"2018","author":"Mudgundi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Case Rep."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2017.00252","article-title":"Familial Hypercholesterolemia: A Systematic Review of Guidelines on Genetic Testing and Patient Management","volume":"5","author":"Migliara","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_51","unstructured":"(2019, May 24). NLA Recommendations & Statements|National Lipid Association Online. Available online: https:\/\/www.lipid.org\/practicetools\/documents."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4158\/EP171764.APPGL","article-title":"American association of clinical endocrinologists and american college of endocrinology guidelines for management of dyslipidemia and prevention of cardiovascular disease","volume":"23","author":"Jellinger","year":"2017","journal-title":"Endocr. Pract."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2013.11.025","article-title":"Integrated guidance on the care of familial hypercholesterolaemia from the International FH Foundation","volume":"171","author":"Watts","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al-Rasadi, K., Alhabib, K.F., Al-Allaf, F., Al-Waili, K., Al-Zakwani, I., AlSarraf, A., Almahmeed, W., AlSayed, N., Alghamdi, M., and Batais, M.A. (2020, February 08). The Gulf Familial Hypercholesterolemia Registry (Gulf FH): Design, Rationale and Preliminary Results. Available online: http:\/\/www.eurekaselect.com\/165990\/article.","DOI":"10.2174\/1570161116666181005125459"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosissup.2019.08.018","article-title":"Test performance of genetic testing in familial hypercholesterolaemia in a local lipid clinic","volume":"38","author":"Mirzazadeh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Atheroscler. Suppl."},{"key":"ref_56","first-page":"e4","article-title":"Age Adjusted Welsh Criteria For Selecting Patients For Familial Hypercholesterolaemia (Fh) Genetic Testing","volume":"38","author":"Haralambos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Atheroscler. Suppl."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2018.05.037","article-title":"A Belgian consensus strategy to identify familial hypercholesterolaemia in the coronary care unit and its subsequent cascade screening and treatment: BEL-FaHST (The BELgium Familial Hypercholesterolaemia STrategy)","volume":"277","author":"Descamps","year":"2018","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hendricks-Sturrup, R.M., Mazor, K.M., Sturm, A.C., and Lu, C.Y. (2019). Barriers and Facilitators to Genetic Testing for Familial Hypercholesterolemia in the United States: A Review. J. Pers. Med., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm9030032"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2019.5173","article-title":"Reducing the Clinical and Public Health Burden of Familial Hypercholesterolemia: A Global Call to Action","volume":"5","author":"Wilemon","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosissup.2017.07.001","article-title":"Familial hypercholesterolemia: The Italian Atherosclerosis Society Network (LIPIGEN)","volume":"29","author":"Averna","year":"2017","journal-title":"Atheroscler. Suppl."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2016.12.075","article-title":"Analysis of Children and Adolescents with Familial Hypercholesterolemia","volume":"183","author":"Minicocci","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.22881","article-title":"Genetic diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolemia is associated with a premature and high coronary heart disease risk","volume":"41","author":"Taraszkiewicz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_63","first-page":"434","article-title":"Genetically confirmed familial hypercholesterolemia in outpatients with hypercholesterolemia","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Geriatr. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_64","first-page":"103","article-title":"Genetic Testing of Familial Hypercholesterolemia in a Hospital-Based Population of the City of Buenos Aires","volume":"86","author":"Helman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Argent. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-018-1737-7","article-title":"Application of expanded genetic analysis in the diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolemia in patients with very early-onset coronary artery disease","volume":"16","author":"Cao","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."}],"container-title":["Journal of Personalized Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4426\/10\/2\/23\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T13:44:55Z","timestamp":1760363095000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4426\/10\/2\/23"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,14]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]}},"alternative-id":["jpm10020023"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jpm10020023","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-4426"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2075-4426","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,14]]}}}