{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T19:09:08Z","timestamp":1772910548507,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":116,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,28]],"date-time":"2020-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598572800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009553","name":"Agentura Pro Zdravotnick\u00fd V\u00fdzkum \u010cesk\u00e9 Republiky","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NV19-08-00113"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NV19-08-00113"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009553","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007543","name":"Grantov\u00e1 Agentura, Univerzita Karlova","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UNCE\/MED\/006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UNCE\/MED\/006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007543","name":"Grantov\u00e1 Agentura, Univerzita Karlova","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GAUK 698119"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GAUK 698119"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pharmacogenomics is an evolving tool of precision medicine. Recently, due to the introduction of next-generation sequencing and projects generating \u201cBig Data\u201d, a plethora of new genetic variants in pharmacogenes have been discovered. Cancer resistance is a major complication often preventing successful anticancer treatments. Pharmacogenomics of both somatic mutations in tumor cells and germline variants may help optimize targeted treatments and improve the response to conventional oncological therapy. In addition, integrative approaches combining copy number variations and long noncoding RNA profiling with germline and somatic variations seem to be a promising approach as well. In pharmacology, expression and enzyme activity are traditionally the more studied aspects of ATP-binding cassette transporters and cytochromes P450. In this review, we briefly introduce the field of pharmacogenomics and the advancements driven by next-generation sequencing and outline the possible roles of genetic variation in the two large pharmacogene superfamilies. Although the evidence needs further substantiation, somatic and copy number variants as well as rare variants and common polymorphisms in these genes could all affect response to cancer therapy. Regulation by long noncoding RNAs has also been shown to play a role. However, in all these areas, more comprehensive studies on larger sets of patients are needed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm10030108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,28]],"date-time":"2020-08-28T09:17:08Z","timestamp":1598606228000},"page":"108","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Pharmacogenomics to Predict Tumor Therapy Response: A Focus on ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters and Cytochromes P450"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0695-0552","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Viktor","family":"Hlav\u00e1\u010d","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Toxicogenomics Unit, National Institute of Public Health, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic"},{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, 306 05 Pilsen, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6950-5563","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Petr","family":"Hol\u00fd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Toxicogenomics Unit, National Institute of Public Health, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic"},{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, 306 05 Pilsen, Czech Republic"},{"name":"Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4294-6799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pavel","family":"Sou\u010dek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Toxicogenomics Unit, National Institute of Public Health, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic"},{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, 306 05 Pilsen, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"52","article-title":"Moderne Probleme der Humangenetik","volume":"12","author":"Vogel","year":"1959","journal-title":"Ergeb. 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