{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T11:21:34Z","timestamp":1772623294192,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,12]],"date-time":"2021-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610409600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP18K07550"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP18K07550"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP18K15509"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP18K15509"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP20H03598"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP20H03598"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP19dk0307029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP19dk0307029"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Duplicated Heschl\u2019s gyrus (HG) is prevalent in patients with schizophrenia and may reflect early neurodevelopmental anomalies. However, it currently remains unclear whether patients with schizotypal disorder, a prototypic disorder within the schizophrenia spectrum, exhibit a similar HG gyrification pattern. In this magnetic resonance imaging study, HG gyrification patterns were examined in 47 patients with schizotypal disorder, 111 with schizophrenia, and 88 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects. HG gyrification patterns were classified as single, common stem duplication (CSD), or complete posterior duplication (CPD). The prevalence of the duplicated HG patterns (CSD or CPD) bilaterally was higher in the schizophrenia and schizotypal groups than in healthy controls, whereas no significant difference was observed between the schizophrenia and schizotypal groups. Schizophrenia patients with the right CPD pattern had less severe positive symptoms, whereas the right single HG pattern was associated with higher doses of antipsychotic medication in schizotypal patients. The present study demonstrated shared HG gyrification patterns in schizophrenia spectrum disorders, which may reflect a common biological vulnerability factor. HG patterns may also be associated with susceptibility to psychopathology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm11010040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,12]],"date-time":"2021-01-12T14:28:53Z","timestamp":1610461733000},"page":"40","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Increased Heschl\u2019s Gyrus Duplication in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: A Cross-Sectional MRI Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Tsutomu","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan"},{"name":"Research Center for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daiki","family":"Sasabayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan"},{"name":"Research Center for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoichiro","family":"Takayanagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan"},{"name":"Arisawabashi Hospital, Toyama 939-2704, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Atsushi","family":"Furuichi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan"},{"name":"Research Center for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mikio","family":"Kido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan"},{"name":"Research Center for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tien Viet","family":"Pham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan"},{"name":"Research Center for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haruko","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan"},{"name":"Research Center for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyo","family":"Noguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michio","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan"},{"name":"Research Center for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14067","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2000-11.2011","article-title":"Human primary auditory cortex follows the shape of Heschl\u2019s gyrus","volume":"31","author":"Marques","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. 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