{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,17]],"date-time":"2026-05-17T10:38:47Z","timestamp":1779014327417,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,3]],"date-time":"2021-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614729600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST109-2314-B-182-047-MY3, MOST107-2221-E-182-054-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST109-2314-B-182-047-MY3, MOST107-2221-E-182-054-MY3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Depressive disorder is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide, with a high prevalence and chronic course. Depressive disorder carries an increased risk of suicide. Alterations in brain structure and networks may play an important role in suicidality among depressed patients. Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive method to map white-matter fiber orientations and provide quantitative parameters. This study investigated the neurological structural differences and network alterations in depressed patients with suicide attempts by using generalized q-sampling imaging (GQI). Our study recruited 155 participants and assigned them into three groups: 44 depressed patients with a history of suicide attempts (SA), 56 depressed patients without a history of suicide attempts (D) and 55 healthy controls (HC). We used the GQI to analyze the generalized fractional anisotropy (GFA) and normalized quantitative anisotropy (NQA) values in voxel-based statistical analysis, topological parameters in graph theoretical analysis and subnetwork connectivity in network-based statistical analysis. GFA indicates the measurement of neural anisotropy and represents white-matter integrity; NQA indicates the amount of anisotropic spins that diffuse along fiber orientations and represents white-matter compactness. In the voxel-based statistical analysis, we found lower GFA and NQA values in the SA group than in the D and HC groups and lower GFA and NQA values in the D group than in the HC group. In the graph theoretical analysis, the SA group demonstrated higher local segregation and lower global integration among the three groups. In the network-based statistical analysis, the SA group showed stronger subnetwork connections in the frontal and parietal lobes, and the D group showed stronger subnetwork connections in the parietal lobe than the HC group. Alternations were found in the structural differences and network measurements in healthy controls and depressed patients with and without a history of suicide attempt.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm11030174","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,3]],"date-time":"2021-03-03T20:33:57Z","timestamp":1614803637000},"page":"174","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Mapping Brain Microstructure and Network Alterations in Depressive Patients with Suicide Attempts Using Generalized Q-Sampling MRI"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Vincent Chin-Hung","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chun-Ju","family":"Kao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Bachelor Program in Artificial Intelligence, Chang Gung University, No. 259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuan-Hsiung","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roger S.","family":"McIntyre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mood Disorder Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S, Canada"},{"name":"Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S, Canada"},{"name":"Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7616-6216","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun-Cheng","family":"Weng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Bachelor Program in Artificial Intelligence, Chang Gung University, No. 259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan"},{"name":"Medical Imaging Research Center, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung University and Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"GBD 2017 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators (2018). 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