{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T02:36:15Z","timestamp":1788402975355,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":270,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,26]],"date-time":"2021-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616716800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Intrusive memories are a common feature of many psychopathologies, and suppression-induced forgetting of unwanted memories appears as a critical ability to preserve mental health. In recent years, biological and cognitive studies converged in revealing that forgetting is due to active processes. Recent neurobiological studies provide evidence on the active role of main neurotransmitter systems in forgetting, suggesting that the brain actively works to suppress retrieval of unwanted memories. On the cognitive side, there is evidence that voluntary and involuntary processes (here termed \u201cintentional\u201d and \u201cincidental\u201d forgetting, respectively) contribute to active forgetting. In intentional forgetting, an inhibitory control mechanism suppresses awareness of unwanted memories at encoding or retrieval. In incidental forgetting, retrieval practice of some memories involuntarily suppresses the retrieval of other related memories. In this review we describe recent findings on deficits in active forgetting observed in psychopathologies, like post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, schizophrenia, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Moreover, we report studies in which the role of neurotransmitter systems, known to be involved in the pathogenesis of mental disorders, has been investigated in active forgetting paradigms. The possibility that biological and cognitive mechanisms of active forgetting could be considered as hallmarks of the early onset of psychopathologies is also discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm11040241","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,26]],"date-time":"2021-03-26T13:17:53Z","timestamp":1616764673000},"page":"241","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Forgetting Unwanted Memories: Active Forgetting and Implications for the Development of Psychological Disorders"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Marco","family":"Costanzi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Sciences, Lumsa University, 00193 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4806-476X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beatrice","family":"Cianfanelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Sciences, Lumsa University, 00193 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9611-105X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Santirocchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5325-2621","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"Lasaponara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Sciences, Lumsa University, 00193 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3204-4449","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pietro","family":"Spataro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Economy, Universitas Mercatorum, 00100 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5006-6583","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clelia","family":"Rossi-Arnaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Cestari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1037\/a0018113","article-title":"Intrusive images in psychological disorders: Characteristics, neural mechanisms, and treatment implications","volume":"117","author":"Brewin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1037\/a0033722","article-title":"Episodic memory, perceptual memory, and their interaction: Foundations for a theory of posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"140","author":"Brewin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Harvey, A.B., Watkins, E., Mansell, W., and Shafran, R. (2004). Cognitive Behavioural Processes across Psychological Disorders: A Transdiagnostic Approach to Research and Treatment, Oxford University Press.","DOI":"10.1093\/med:psych\/9780198528883.001.0001"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mppsy.2007.01.005","article-title":"Mental imagery in anxiety disorders","volume":"6","author":"Hirsch","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1080\/09658210701256449","article-title":"Intrusive memories and rumination in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder: A phenomenological comparison","volume":"15","author":"Speckens","year":"2007","journal-title":"Memory"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"375","article-title":"Why Do Certain Moments Haunt Us? Conceptualizing Intrusive Memories as Conditioned Responses","volume":"5","author":"Visser","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry Cogn. Neurosci. Neuroimaging"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Berntsen, D. (2009). Involuntary Autobiographical Memories, Cambridge University Press (CUP).","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511575921"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1192\/apt.bp.106.002923","article-title":"Mindfulness in psychotherapy: An introduction","volume":"13","author":"Mace","year":"2007","journal-title":"Adv. Psychiatr. Treat."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1177\/0963721417689881","article-title":"Suppressing Unwanted Memories Reduces Their Unintended Influences","volume":"26","author":"Hu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Dir. Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6423","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2732-16.2017","article-title":"Parallel Regulation of Memory and Emotion Supports the Suppression of Intrusive Memories","volume":"37","author":"Gagnepain","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.12.032","article-title":"Memory control ability modulates intrusive memories after analogue trauma","volume":"192","author":"Streb","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797615569889","article-title":"Failing to Forget","volume":"26","author":"Catarino","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2014.10.009","article-title":"The origins of repetitive thought in rumination: Separating cognitive style from deficits in inhibitory control over memory","volume":"47","author":"Fawcett","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Behav. Ther. Exp. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1177\/2167702618785339","article-title":"Ruminators (Unlike Others) Fail to Show Suppression-Induced Forgetting on Indirect Measures of Memory","volume":"6","author":"Hertel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2013.01001","article-title":"Emotions shape memory suppression in trait anxiety","volume":"4","author":"Marzi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E8492","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1606604114","article-title":"Reducing future fears by suppressing the brain mechanisms underlying episodic simulation","volume":"113","author":"Benoit","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0956-7976.2003.psci_1467.x","article-title":"Depressive Deficits in Forgetting","volume":"14","author":"Hertel","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.04.086","article-title":"Examining the impact of thought substitution on intentional forgetting in induced and naturally occurring dysphoria","volume":"241","author":"Noreen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2016.04.002","article-title":"Intentional forgetting in dysphoria: Investigating the inhibitory effects of thought substitution using independent cues","volume":"52","author":"Noreen","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Behav. Ther. Exp. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37556","DOI":"10.1038\/srep37556","article-title":"Neural correlates underlying impaired memory facilitation and suppression of negative material in depression","volume":"6","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"366","article-title":"Suppressing unwanted memories by executive control","volume":"410","author":"Anderson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2017.05.039","article-title":"The Biology of Forgetting\u2014A Perspective","volume":"95","author":"Davis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2018.00003","article-title":"Neural, Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Active Forgetting","volume":"12","author":"Medina","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Syst. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1080\/09658211.2019.1710216","article-title":"Does retrieving a memory insulate it against memory inhibition? A retroactive interference study","volume":"28","author":"Hulbert","year":"2020","journal-title":"Memory"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X06009113","article-title":"The unified theory of repression","volume":"29","author":"Erdelyi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Sci."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1080\/09658211.2017.1346130","article-title":"Forgetting and emotion regulation in mental health, anxiety and depression","volume":"26","year":"2018","journal-title":"Memory"},{"key":"ref_27","unstructured":"Lewandowsky, S., Dunn, J.C., and Kirsner, K. (1989). Intention, awareness, and implicit memory: The retrieval intentionality criterion. Implicit Memory: Theoretical Issues, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691619862306","article-title":"The Return of the Repressed: The Persistent and Problematic Claims of Long-Forgotten Trauma","volume":"14","author":"Otgaar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Perspect. Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.52.1.155","article-title":"Repression and the inaccessibility of affective memories","volume":"52","author":"Davis","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Pers. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jml.2003.08.006","article-title":"Rethinking interference theory: Executive control and the mechanisms of forgetting","volume":"49","author":"Anderson","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Mem. Lang."},{"key":"ref_31","unstructured":"Anderson, M.C., and Levy, B.J. (2008). Theoretical issues in inhibition: Insights from research on human memory. Inhibition in Cognition, American Psychological Association (APA)."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Raaijmakers, J.G.W. (2018). Inhibition in Memory. Stevens\u2019 Handbook of Experimental Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience, Wiley.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119170174.epcn108"},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"251","article-title":"Inhibition in memory","volume":"Volume 1","author":"Phelps","year":"2018","journal-title":"Stevens\u2019 Handbook of Experimental Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience, Language and Memory"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1037\/a0037505","article-title":"Forgetting as a consequence of retrieval: A meta-analytic review of retrieval-induced forgetting","volume":"140","author":"Murayama","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2014.03.002","article-title":"Neural mechanisms of motivated forgetting","volume":"18","author":"Anderson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2007.11.003","article-title":"Forgetting unwanted memories: Directed forgetting and thought suppression methods","volume":"127","author":"Geraerts","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Psychol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-407187-2.00004-6","article-title":"List-Method Directed Forgetting in Cognitive and Clinical Research: A Theoretical and Methodological Review","volume":"59","author":"Sahakyan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychol. Learn. Motiv."},{"key":"ref_38","unstructured":"Melton, A.W., and Martin, E. (1972). Theoretical implication of directed forgetting. Coding Processes in Human Memory, Winston & Sons, Inc."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-596X(02)00524-7","article-title":"Can encoding differences explain the benefits of directed forgetting in the list method paradigm?","volume":"48","author":"Sahakyan","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Mem. Lang."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-7393.28.6.1064","article-title":"A contextual change account of the directed forgetting effect","volume":"28","author":"Sahakyan","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Exp. Psychol. Learn. Mem. Cogn."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00310","article-title":"The Neural Correlates of Cognitive Control: Successful Remembering and Intentional Forgetting","volume":"25","author":"Rizio","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Cogn. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14742","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1777-12.2012","article-title":"Prefrontally Driven Downregulation of Neural Synchrony Mediates Goal-Directed Forgetting","volume":"32","author":"Hanslmayr","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1037\/a0023214","article-title":"Effects of emotion and age on performance during a think\/no-think memory task","volume":"26","author":"Murray","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychol. Aging"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797612457577","article-title":"Out of Mind, Out of Sight","volume":"24","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2016.05.013","article-title":"Implicit memory in schizophrenia: A meta-analysis","volume":"69","author":"Spataro","year":"2016","journal-title":"Compr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a019026","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a019026","article-title":"Adult Neurogenesis and Psychiatric Disorders","volume":"8","author":"Kang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2017.04.037","article-title":"The Persistence and Transience of Memory","volume":"94","author":"Richards","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13375","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms13375","article-title":"Memory consolidation reconfigures neural pathways involved in the suppression of emotional memories","volume":"7","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2013.15.4\/knader","article-title":"Memory as a new therapeutic target","volume":"15","author":"Nader","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dialog Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.4172\/Neuropsychiatry.1000361","article-title":"Neurochemicals, Behaviours and Psychiatric Perspectives of Neurological Diseases","volume":"8","author":"Choudhury","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatry"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20262","article-title":"Role of GABA in anxiety and depression","volume":"24","author":"Kalueff","year":"2006","journal-title":"Depress. Anxiety"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1510","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1207615","article-title":"Glucocorticoids Can Induce PTSD-Like Memory Impairments in Mice","volume":"335","author":"Kaouane","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S58841","article-title":"Anxiety disorders and GABA neurotransmission: A disturbance of modulation","volume":"11","author":"Gauthier","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr. Dis. Treat."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2013.12.013","article-title":"Glutamatergic abnormalities in schizophrenia: A review of proton MRS findings","volume":"152","author":"Poels","year":"2014","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaau8317","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aau8317","article-title":"The gut microbiome from patients with schizophrenia modulates the glutamate-glutamine-GABA cycle and schizophrenia-relevant behaviors in mice","volume":"5","author":"Zheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02246644","article-title":"Strain-dependent effects of cocaine on memory storage improvement induced by post-training physostigmine","volume":"123","author":"Castellano","year":"1996","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1590\/1516-4446-2012-1046","article-title":"New frontiers in the study of memory mechanisms","volume":"35","author":"Furini","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. Psiquiatr."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.20032","article-title":"Quantifying medial temporal lobe damage in memory-impaired patients","volume":"15","author":"Gold","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hippocampus"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1515\/revneuro-2016-0079","article-title":"Frameworking memory and serotonergic markers","volume":"28","author":"Meneses","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/0361-9230(96)00028-7","article-title":"Effects of lesions of different parts of the septo-hippocampal system in primates on learning and retention of information acquired before or after surgery","volume":"40","author":"Ridley","year":"1996","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2011.12.002","article-title":"GABA, glutamate, dopamine and serotonin transporters expression on memory formation and amnesia","volume":"97","author":"Tellez","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Learn. Mem."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, American Psychiatric Association. [5th ed.]. (DSM-5).","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"ref_63","first-page":"141","article-title":"Understanding and Treating Unwanted Trauma Memories in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder","volume":"218","author":"Ehlers","year":"2010","journal-title":"Z. Psychol. J. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00311","article-title":"Stressful Life Memories Relate to Ruminative Thoughts in Women with Sexual Violence History, Irrespective of PTSD","volume":"9","author":"Millon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-032210-104544","article-title":"The Nature and Significance of Memory Disturbance in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder","volume":"7","author":"Brewin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-018-0950-7","article-title":"Memory and Forgetting","volume":"20","author":"Brewin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Psychiatry Rep."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-7358(98)00036-1","article-title":"Experimental approaches to cognitive abnormality in posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"18","author":"McNally","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2007.12.004","article-title":"Individual differences in the suppression of unwanted memories: The executive deficit hypothesis","volume":"127","author":"Levy","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Psychol."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2011.08.006","article-title":"Attentional bias in post-traumatic stress disorder diminishes after symptom amelioration","volume":"49","author":"Lanteaume","year":"2011","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2011.03.014","article-title":"Specificity and generalization of attentional bias in sexual trauma victims suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"25","author":"Fleurkens","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Anxiety Disord."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-6185(02)00136-6","article-title":"Attentional and memory bias for emotional information in crime victims with acute posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)","volume":"16","author":"Paunovic","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Anxiety Disord."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.1037\/a0036518","article-title":"Direct suppression as a mechanism for controlling unpleasant memories in daily life","volume":"143","author":"Benoit","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Exp. Psychol. Gen."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2013.00094","article-title":"Directed Forgetting in Post-Traumatic-Stress-Disorder: A Study of Refugee Immigrants in Germany","volume":"7","author":"Baumann","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Behav. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2011.00235","article-title":"Intentional Forgetting of Emotional Words after Trauma: A Study with Victims of Sexual Assault","volume":"2","author":"Blix","year":"2011","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2005.04.001","article-title":"Directed forgetting in PTSD: A comparative study versus normal controls","volume":"40","author":"Cottencin","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0956-7976.2004.00706.x","article-title":"Forgetting Trauma Stimuli","volume":"15","author":"DePrince","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaay8477","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aay8477","article-title":"Resilience after trauma: The role of memory suppression","volume":"367","author":"Mary","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1404","DOI":"10.1080\/09658211.2019.1662053","article-title":"Inhibitory control of threat remembering in PTSD","volume":"27","author":"Tudorache","year":"2019","journal-title":"Memory"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13132","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-31400-x","article-title":"The neural dynamics of deficient memory control in heavily traumatized refugees","volume":"8","author":"Waldhauser","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1080\/09658211.2017.1282518","article-title":"Successfully controlling intrusive memories is harder when control must be sustained","volume":"25","author":"Anderson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Memory"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.112.3.508","article-title":"Directed forgetting following mood induction in chronic posttraumatic stress disorder patients","volume":"112","author":"Zoellner","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Abnorm. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20150","article-title":"EEG alpha synchronization and functional coupling during top-down processing in a working memory task","volume":"26","author":"Sauseng","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2008.11.021","article-title":"Changes in long term neural connectivity following psychological trauma","volume":"120","author":"Cook","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2009.07.010","article-title":"Temporal allocation of attention toward threat in individuals with posttraumatic stress symptoms","volume":"23","author":"Amir","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Anxiety Disord."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.04.055","article-title":"The prevalence of intrusive memories in adult depres- sion: A meta-analysis","volume":"53","author":"Payne","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Affect Diosord."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(99)00084-1","article-title":"The directed forgetting task: Application to emotionally valent material","volume":"57","author":"Power","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1159\/000338609","article-title":"Memory Bias for Emotional and Illness-Related Words in Patients with Depression, Anxiety and Somatization Disorders: An Investigation with the Directed Forgetting Task","volume":"46","author":"Wingenfeld","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychopathology"},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beck, A.T., Steer, R.A., and Brown, G.K. (1996). Manual for the Beck Depression Inventory\u2013II, Psychological Corporation.","DOI":"10.1037\/t00742-000"},{"key":"ref_89","first-page":"1","article-title":"Individuals with depressive tendencies experience difficulty in forgetting negative material: Two mechanisms revealed by ERP data in the directed forgetting paradigm","volume":"8","author":"Xie","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2017.04.012","article-title":"Effects of cortisol on the memory bias for emotional words? A study in patients with depression and healthy participants using the Directed Forgetting task","volume":"92","author":"Kuehl","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1080\/02699930802536219","article-title":"Retrieval-induced forgetting and clinical depression","volume":"24","author":"Groome","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cogn. Emot."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.3758\/s13415-016-0464-x","article-title":"Cognitive and neural consequences of memory suppression in major depressive disorder","volume":"17","author":"Sacchet","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cogn. Affect. Behav. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2273","DOI":"10.1007\/s00426-019-01225-y","article-title":"Investigating the mediating effect of working memory on intentional forgetting in dysphoria","volume":"84","author":"Noreen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychol. Res."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.07.010","article-title":"Negative and Nonemotional Interference with Visual Working Memory in Schizophrenia","volume":"70","author":"Anticevic","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2011.02.008","article-title":"The influence of emotional distraction on verbal working memory: An fMRI investigation comparing individuals with schizophrenia and healthy adults","volume":"45","author":"Diaz","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2377","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291713000019","article-title":"Impaired emotion regulation in schizophrenia: Evidence from event-related potentials","volume":"43","author":"Horan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1037\/abn0000017","article-title":"Emotion regulation abnormalities in schizophrenia: Directed attention strategies fail to decrease the neurophysiological response to unpleasant stimuli","volume":"124","author":"Strauss","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Abnorm. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_98","first-page":"133","article-title":"A model of verbal memory impairments in schizophrenia: Two systems and their associations with underlying cognitive processes and clinical symptoms","volume":"35","author":"Gorman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1080\/13546805.2015.1021907","article-title":"Hallucinations and inhibitory functioning in healthy young adults with high and low levels of hypomanic personality traits","volume":"20","author":"Badcock","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cogn. Neuropsychiatry"},{"key":"ref_100","first-page":"1381","article-title":"Impaired Self-Monitoring of Inner Speech in Schizophrenia Patients with Verbal Hallucinations and in Non-clinical Individuals Prone to Hallucinations","volume":"7","author":"Ochoa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_101","first-page":"251","article-title":"Directed forgetting in schizophrenia","volume":"255","author":"Ullsperger","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2015.01.006","article-title":"Neurophysiological correlates of emotional directed-forgetting in persons with Schizophrenia: An event-related brain potential study","volume":"98","author":"Patrick","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Psychophysiol."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2289","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291713000445","article-title":"Reduced directed forgetting for negative words suggests schizophrenia-related disinhibition of emotional cues","volume":"43","author":"Patrick","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2008.01.002","article-title":"Disrupted memory inhibition in schizophrenia","volume":"101","author":"Conway","year":"2008","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1037\/xge0000645","article-title":"Differential impairment of positive and negative schizotypy in list-method and item-method directed forgetting","volume":"149","author":"Sahakyan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Exp. Psychol. Gen."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2018.12.020","article-title":"Intentional inhibition but not source memory is related to hallucination-proneness and intrusive thoughts in a university sample","volume":"113","author":"Smailes","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1037\/0894-4105.22.2.226","article-title":"Encoding and retrieval processes in velo-cardio-facial syndrome (VCFS)","volume":"22","author":"Glaser","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuropsychology"},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2019.02.057","article-title":"Many ways to forget\u2014Neurophysiology of directed forgetting mechanisms in schizophrenia","volume":"274","author":"Okruszek","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2005.01.011","article-title":"Retrieval-induced forgetting in schizophrenia","volume":"75","author":"Nestor","year":"2005","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2006.07.001","article-title":"The role of retrieval inhibition in the associative memory impairment of schizophrenia","volume":"150","author":"AhnAllen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1348\/000712609X418912","article-title":"Inhibitory processes in memory are impaired in schizophrenia: Evidence from retrieval induced forgetting","volume":"100","author":"Soriano","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-016-0720-3","article-title":"Cognitive Dysfunction in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder","volume":"18","author":"Benzina","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Psychiatry Rep."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2020.08.008","article-title":"Diagnostic biomarkers for obsessive-compulsive disorder: A reasonable quest or ignis fatuus?","volume":"118","author":"Fullana","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2010.06.003","article-title":"Distinguishing features of intrusive images in obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder","volume":"24","author":"Lipton","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Anxiety Disord."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.02.012","article-title":"Executive Dysfunctions in Obsessive-Compulsive Patients and Unaffected Relatives: Searching for a New Intermediate Phenotype","volume":"67","author":"Cavedini","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Demeter, G., Keresztes, A., Harsanyi, A., and Csig\u00f2, K. (2014). Obsessed not to forget: Lack of retrieval-induced sup- pression effect in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychiatry Res.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.04.022"},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2007.02.023","article-title":"Memory and executive functioning in obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder: A selective review","volume":"104","author":"Olley","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1574","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.05.026","article-title":"Are neuropsychological deficits trait markers in OCD?","volume":"32","author":"Rao","year":"2008","journal-title":"Prog. Neuro Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2004.11.006","article-title":"The neuropsychology of obsessive compulsive disorder: The importance of failures in cognitive and behavioural inhibition as candidate endophenotypic markers","volume":"29","author":"Chamberlain","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"ref_120","first-page":"171","article-title":"A Framework for Understanding the Emerging Role of Corticolimbic-Ventral Striatal Networks in OCD-Associated Repetitive Behaviors","volume":"9","author":"Ewood","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Syst. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(96)00040-X","article-title":"Directed forgetting in obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"34","author":"Wilhelm","year":"1996","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1080\/13803390490520418","article-title":"Visuospatial Abilities, Memory, and Executive Functioning in Trichotillomania and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder","volume":"27","author":"Bohne","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Clin. Exp. Neuropsychol."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(01)00062-6","article-title":"Directed forgetting in obsessive-compulsive disorder: Replication and extension","volume":"40","author":"Tolin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1080\/13854046.2011.639311","article-title":"Effects of Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms on Neuropsychological Test Performance: Complicating an Already Complicated Story","volume":"26","author":"Moritz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Neuropsychol."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S21047","article-title":"Remembering and forgetting: Directed forgetting effect in obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"7","author":"Konishi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr. Dis. Treat."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2012.03.002","article-title":"The effect of practice on the recall of salient information in obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder","volume":"198","author":"Jelinek","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2011.08.008","article-title":"Overview of glutamatergic neurotransmission in the nervous system","volume":"100","author":"Niciu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.2174\/1389450013348515","article-title":"NMDA receptors and learning and memory processes","volume":"2","author":"Castellano","year":"2001","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Targets"},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rezvani, A.H., Levin, E.D., and Buccafusco, J.J. (2006). Involvement of the NMDA System in Learning and Memory, CRC Press\/Taylor & Francis. Chapter 4.","DOI":"10.1201\/9781420004335.ch4"},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2003.10.003","article-title":"NMDA receptors and voltage-dependent calcium channels mediate different aspects of acquisition and retention of a spatial memory task","volume":"81","author":"Woodside","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Learn. Mem."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.114.6.1019","article-title":"Involvement of NMDA receptors within the amygdala in short- versus long-term memory for fear condiDoning as assessed with fear-potenDated startle","volume":"114","author":"Walker","year":"2000","journal-title":"Behav. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(91)90393-G","article-title":"Milacemide enhances memory storage and alleviates spontaneous forgetting in mice","volume":"39","author":"Quartermain","year":"1991","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22771","DOI":"10.1038\/srep22771","article-title":"Forgetting of long-term memory requires activation of NMDA receptors, L-type voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels, and calcineurin","volume":"6","author":"Sachser","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2016.07.015","article-title":"Forgetting of what was once learned: Exploring the role of postsynaptic ionotropic glutamate receptors on memory formation, maintenance, and decay","volume":"112","author":"Sachser","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3481","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3333-15.2016","article-title":"Blocking Synaptic Removal of GluA2-Containing AMPA Receptors Prevents the Natural Forgetting of Long-Term Memories","volume":"36","author":"Migues","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2013.01.001","article-title":"Decay happens: The role of active forgetting in memory","volume":"17","author":"Hardt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2017.11.001","article-title":"Post-acquisition hippocampal blockade of the NMDA receptor subunit GluN2A but not GluN2B sustains spatial reference memory retention","volume":"147","author":"Shinohara","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Learn. Mem."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.10696","article-title":"GABA, \u03b3-hydroxybutyric acid, and neurological disease","volume":"54","author":"Wong","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-6147(90)90126-S","article-title":"Novel anxiolytics that act as partial agonists at benzodiazepine receptors","volume":"11","author":"Haefely","year":"1990","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Olsen, R.W., and Spigelman, I. (2012). GABA-a Recaptor Plasticity in Alcohol Withdrawal. JASPER\u2019S Basic Mechanisms of the Epilepsies, National Center for Biotechnology Information. [4th ed.].","DOI":"10.1093\/med\/9780199746545.003.0043"},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Davis, M., Campeau, S., Kim, M., Falls, W.A., McGaugh, J.L., Weinberger, N.M., and Lynch, G. (1995). Neural Systems of Emotion: The Amygdala\u2019s Role in Fear and Anxiety. Brain and Memory Modulation and Mediation of Neuroplasticity, Oxford University Press (OUP).","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780195082944.003.0001"},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(02)01017-6","article-title":"Systems-Level Reconsolidation","volume":"36","author":"Myers","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1038\/349609a0","article-title":"GABA-B autoreceptors regulate the induction of LTP","volume":"349","author":"Davies","year":"1991","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.120.1.40","article-title":"Recovery of fear memories in rats: Role of gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) in infantile amnesia","volume":"120","author":"Kim","year":"2006","journal-title":"Behav. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.121.1.131","article-title":"A developmental dissociation of context and GABA effects on extinguished fear in rats","volume":"121","author":"Kim","year":"2007","journal-title":"Behav. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.121.6.1421","article-title":"The effects of FG7142 on two types of forgetting in 18-day-old rats","volume":"121","author":"Tang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Behav. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2015.10.005","article-title":"The GABAB receptor agonist, baclofen, contributes to three distinct varieties of amnesia in the human brain\u2014A detailed case report","volume":"74","author":"Zeman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.24006","article-title":"Corticolimbic circuits in learning, memory, and disease","volume":"95","author":"Bergstrom","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Blake, M.G., and Boccia, M.M. (2016). Basal Forebrain Cholinergic System and Memory. Curr. Top. Behav. Neurosci., 253\u2013273.","DOI":"10.1007\/7854_2016_467"},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2011.06.002","article-title":"Cholinergic modulation of cognition: Insights from human pharmacological functional neuroimaging","volume":"94","author":"Bentley","year":"2011","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bertrand, D., and Wallace, T.L. (2020). A Review of the Cholinergic System and Therapeutic Approaches to Treat Brain Disorders. Curr. Top. Behav. Neurosci., 1\u201328.","DOI":"10.1007\/7854_2020_141"},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-003-1563-2","article-title":"Separate and combined effects of scopolamine and nicotine on retrieval-induced forgetting","volume":"170","author":"Edginton","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-007-0935-4","article-title":"Nicotine effects on retrieval-induced forgetting are not attributable to changes in arousal","volume":"196","author":"Rusted","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-018-0632-3","article-title":"Dopamine: Functions, signaling, and association with neurological diseases","volume":"39","author":"Klein","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Nurobiol."},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2035","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00840","article-title":"Dopamine and Consolidation of Episodic Memory: Timing Is Everything","volume":"27","author":"Grogan","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Cogn. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4231","article-title":"PV plasticity sustained through D1\/5 dopamine signaling required for long-term memory consolidation","volume":"19","author":"Karunakaran","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.07.007","article-title":"Role of ventral pallidal D2 dopamine receptors in the consolidation of spatial memory","volume":"313","author":"Ollmann","year":"2016","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/8602690","article-title":"Locus Coeruleus and Dopamine-Dependent Memory Consolidation","volume":"2017","author":"Yamasaki","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neural Plast."},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.04.007","article-title":"Dopamine Is Required for Learning and Forgetting in Drosophila","volume":"74","author":"Berry","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1656","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.05.027","article-title":"Sleep Facilitates Memory by Blocking Dopamine Neuron-Mediated Forgetting","volume":"161","author":"Berry","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/s12953-015-0069-2","article-title":"Differential effects of dopamine signalling on long-term memory formation and consolidation in rodent brain","volume":"13","author":"Reichenbach","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proteome Sci."},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2017.03.019","article-title":"Selective post-training time window for memory consolidation interference of cannabidiol into the prefrontal cortex: Reduced dopaminergic modulation and immediate gene expression in limbic circuits","volume":"350","author":"Rossignoli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2016.05.010","article-title":"Scribble Scaffolds a Signalosome for Active Forgetting","volume":"90","author":"Chakraborty","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2016.12.011","article-title":"Dopaminergic rules of engagement for memory in Drosophila","volume":"43","author":"Kaun","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2074","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2017.10.108","article-title":"Dopamine Receptor DAMB Signals via Gq to Mediate Forgetting in Drosophila","volume":"21","author":"Himmelreich","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E6663","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1512792112","article-title":"Dissecting neural pathways for forgetting in Drosophila olfactory aversive memory","volume":"112","author":"Shuai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2013.08.017","article-title":"The monoaminergic stabilizer (\u2212)-OSU6162 reverses delay-dependent natural forgetting and improves memory impairment induced by scopolamine in mice","volume":"75","author":"Nilsson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1037\/pha0000100","article-title":"Directed forgetting of memories in cocaine users","volume":"24","author":"Ruiz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Exp. Clin. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00359","article-title":"Dopaminergic Gene Polymorphisms Affect Long-term Forgetting in Old Age: Further Support for the Magnification Hypothesis","volume":"25","author":"Papenberg","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Cogn. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_170","first-page":"15","article-title":"Prefrontal dopamine and the dynamic control of human long-term memory. Trans-cult","volume":"1","author":"Wimber","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1076358","article-title":"Emotion, Cognition, and Behavior","volume":"298","author":"Dolan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2004.08.042","article-title":"Extinction Learning in Humans","volume":"43","author":"Phelps","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-6147(00)01473-5","article-title":"The contribution of pharmacology to research on the mechanisms of memory formation","volume":"21","author":"McGaugh","year":"2000","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13626","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1635116100","article-title":"An emotion-induced retrograde amnesia in humans is amygdala- and -adrenergic-dependent","volume":"100","author":"Strange","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11454","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0404282101","article-title":"Adrenergic modulation of emotional memory-evoked human amygdala and hippocampal responses","volume":"101","author":"Strange","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.09.011","article-title":"Noradrenaline mediates amygdala activation in men and women during encoding of emotional material","volume":"24","author":"Goekoop","year":"2005","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref_177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.5.990","article-title":"Toward a Neuropsychological Theory of Antidepressant Drug Action: Increase in Positive Emotional Bias After Potentiation of Norepinephrine Activity","volume":"160","author":"Harmer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.161.7.1256","article-title":"Increased Positive Versus Negative Affective Perception and Memory in Healthy Volunteers Following Selective Serotonin and Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibition","volume":"161","author":"Harmer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6343","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0228-05.2005","article-title":"Noradrenergic Modulation of Emotion-Induced Forgetting and Remembering","volume":"25","author":"Hurlemann","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-1047(88)90986-7","article-title":"Strength of scopolamine-induced amnesia as a function of time between training and testing","volume":"50","author":"Quartermain","year":"1988","journal-title":"Behav. Neural Biol."},{"key":"ref_181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(89)91391-7","article-title":"Effects of concurrent manipulations of cholinergic and noradrenergic function on learning and retention in mice","volume":"477","author":"Decker","year":"1989","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2013.09.017","article-title":"Stress and glucocorticoid receptor-dependent mechanisms in long-term memory: From adaptive responses to psychopathologies","volume":"112","author":"Finsterwald","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Learn. Mem."},{"key":"ref_183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meir Drexler, S., and Wolf, O.T. (2016). The role of glucocorticoids in emotional memory reconsolidation. Neurobiol. Learn. Mem.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2016.11.008"},{"key":"ref_184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2009.04.013","article-title":"Stress and memory in humans: Twelve years of progress?","volume":"1293","author":"Wolf","year":"2009","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn.2016.155","article-title":"Stress, glucocorticoids and memory:implications for treating fear-related disorders","volume":"18","author":"Schwabe","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2005.03.005","article-title":"A meta-analytic review of the effects of acute cortisol administration on human memory","volume":"30","author":"Het","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"ref_187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wolf, O.T., Atsak, P., De Quervain, D.J., Roozendaal, B., and Wingenfeld, K. (2016). Stress and Memory: A Selective Review on Recent Developments in the Understanding of Stress Hormone Effects on Memory and Their Clinical Relevance. J. Neuroendocr., 28.","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.12353"},{"key":"ref_188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2012.05.004","article-title":"Stress eliminates retrieval-induced forgetting\u2014Does the oral application of cortisol?","volume":"38","author":"Koessler","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"ref_189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1356","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9280.2009.02450.x","article-title":"No Retrieval-Induced Forgetting Under Stress","volume":"20","author":"Koessler","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7739","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2906-19.2020","article-title":"Stress impairs intentional memory control through altered theta oscillations in lateral parietal cortex","volume":"40","author":"Quaedflieg","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2018.07.015","article-title":"Memory Control: A Fundamental Mechanism of Emotion Regulation","volume":"22","author":"Engen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"ref_192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.121.1.65","article-title":"Behavioral inhibition, sustained attention, and executive functions: Constructing a unifying theory of ADHD","volume":"121","author":"Barkley","year":"1997","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"key":"ref_193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-9452(08)70859-1","article-title":"Disruption of Inhibitory Control of Memory Following Lesions to the Frontal and Temporal Lobes","volume":"39","author":"Conway","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"ref_194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2013.06.005","article-title":"Inhibition and impulsivity: Behavioral and neural basis of response control","volume":"108","author":"Bari","year":"2013","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2013.12.003","article-title":"Inhibition and the right inferior frontal cortex: One decade on","volume":"18","author":"Aron","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"ref_196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2015.11.008","article-title":"Prefrontal\u2013hippocampal pathways underlying inhibitory control over memory","volume":"134","author":"Anderson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Learn. Mem."},{"key":"ref_197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2015.171","article-title":"Stress Effects on Neuronal Structure: Hippocampus, Amygdala, and Prefrontal Cortex","volume":"41","author":"McEwen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_198","unstructured":"Bartholomew, M.E., Heller, W., and Miller, G.A. (2019). Inhibitory control of emotional processing: Theoretical and empirical considerations. Int. J. Psychophysiol."},{"key":"ref_199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2019.04.032","article-title":"\u201cBraking\u201d the Prefrontal Cortex: The Role of Glucocorticoids and Interneurons in Stress Adaptation and Pathology","volume":"86","author":"McKlveen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-psych-072720-094140","article-title":"Active Forgetting: Adaptation of Memory by Prefrontal Control","volume":"72","author":"Anderson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-004-0172-5","article-title":"Glutamate-dopamine in vivo interaction in the prefrontalcortex modulates the release of dopamine and acetylcholinein the nucleus accumbens of the awake rat","volume":"112","author":"Mora","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neural Transm."},{"key":"ref_202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.051508.135535","article-title":"The Neuropsychopharmacology of Fronto-Executive Function: Monoaminergic Modulation","volume":"32","author":"Robbins","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2014.04.042","article-title":"Amygdala Microcircuits Controlling Learned Fear","volume":"82","author":"Duvarci","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-00956-z","article-title":"Hippocampal GABA enables inhibitory control over unwanted thoughts","volume":"8","author":"Schmitz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1139560","article-title":"Prefrontal Regions Orchestrate Suppression of Emotional Memories via a Two-Phase Process","volume":"317","author":"Depue","year":"2007","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(02)00446-3","article-title":"Pathways for emotion: Interactions of prefrontal and anterior temporal pathways in the amygdala of the rhesus monkey","volume":"115","author":"Ghashghaei","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref_207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2010.02.005","article-title":"Prefrontal control of fear: More than just extinction","volume":"20","author":"Quirk","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2015.00298","article-title":"The Role of the Medial Prefrontal Cortex in the Conditioning and Extinction of Fear","volume":"9","author":"Giustino","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Behav. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-009-0243-8","article-title":"Neurotransmitters and prefrontal cortex\u2013limbic system interactions: Implications for plasticity and psychiatric disorders","volume":"116","author":"Mora","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neural. Transm."},{"key":"ref_210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1002\/neu.1079","article-title":"Dendritic reorganization in pyramidal neurons in medial prefrontal cortex after chronic corticosterone administration","volume":"49","author":"Wellman","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1586","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-019-0503-3","article-title":"Neuromodulation in circuits of aversive emotional learning","volume":"22","author":"Likhtik","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3211","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.13850","article-title":"Cognitive deficits caused by prefrontal cortical and hippocampal neural disinhibition","volume":"174","author":"Bast","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bloem, B., Poorthuis, R.B., and Mansvelder, H.D. (2014). Cholinergic modulation of the medial prefrontal cortex: The role of nicotinic receptors in attention and regulation of neuronal activity. Front. Neural Circuits, 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fncir.2014.00017"},{"key":"ref_214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Parikh, V., and Bangasser, D.A. (2020). Cholinergic Signaling Dynamics and Cognitive Control of Attention. Behav. Neurobiol. Chronic Pain, 71\u201387.","DOI":"10.1007\/7854_2020_133"},{"key":"ref_215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2018.12.004","article-title":"Effects of nicotine and atomoxetine on brain function during response inhibition","volume":"29","author":"Kasparbauer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0173(03)00143-7","article-title":"The locus coeruleus\u2013noradrenergic system: Modulation of behavioral state and state-dependent cognitive processes","volume":"42","author":"Berridge","year":"2003","journal-title":"Brain Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1126\/science.163.3862.32","article-title":"Biogenic Amines and the States of Sleep","volume":"163","author":"Jouvet","year":"1969","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ps.40.020189.001203","article-title":"Brain Dopamine and Reward","volume":"40","author":"Wise","year":"1989","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.28.061604.135709","article-title":"An Integrative Theory of Locus Coeruleus-Norepinephrine Function: Adaptive Gain and Optimal Performance","volume":"28","author":"Cohen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0173(93)90013-P","article-title":"The neural basis of drug craving: An incentive-sensitization theory of addiction","volume":"18","author":"Robinson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Brain Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e200","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X15000667","article-title":"Norepinephrine ignites local hotspots of neuronal excitation: How arousal amplifies selectivity in perception and memory","volume":"39","author":"Mather","year":"2016","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Sci."},{"key":"ref_222","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.23344","article-title":"The norepinephrine system affects specific neurophysiological subprocesses in the modulation of inhibitory control by working memory demands","volume":"38","author":"Chmielewski","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"key":"ref_223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5681","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.23757","article-title":"Distinguishing stimulus and response codes in theta oscillations in prefrontal areas during inhibitory control of automated responses","volume":"38","author":"Dippel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"key":"ref_224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.131.4.510","article-title":"Decision making, the P3, and the locus coeruleus--norepinephrine system","volume":"131","author":"Nieuwenhuis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"key":"ref_225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4328(97)00175-7","article-title":"Neuropsychopharmacological mechanisms of stimulant drug action in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A review and integration","volume":"94","author":"Solanto","year":"1998","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2004.09.006","article-title":"Prefrontal executive and cognitive functions in rodents: Neural and neurochemical substrates","volume":"28","author":"Dalley","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"ref_227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1440","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.156.9.1440","article-title":"Prediction of reinforcing responses to psychostimulants in humans by brain dopamine D2 receptor levels","volume":"156","author":"Volkow","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.156.1.19","article-title":"Association of Methylphenidate-Induced Craving with Changes in Right Striato-orbitofrontal Metabolism in Cocaine Abusers: Implications in Addiction","volume":"156","author":"Volkow","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_229","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-007-0701-7","article-title":"Differential effects of modafinil and methylphenidate on stop-signal reaction time task performance in the rat, and interactions with the dopamine receptor antagonist cis-flupenthixol","volume":"192","author":"Eagle","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2008.10.014","article-title":"Atomoxetine Modulates Right Inferior Frontal Activation During Inhibitory Control: A Pharmacological Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study","volume":"65","author":"Chamberlain","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2020.03.013","article-title":"Task experience eliminates catecholaminergic effects on inhibitory control\u2014A randomized, double-blind cross-over neurophysiological study","volume":"35","author":"Roessner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_232","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2016.01.005","article-title":"Norepinephrine versus dopamine and their interaction in modulating synaptic function in the prefrontal cortex","volume":"1641","author":"Xing","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1612","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.158.10.1612","article-title":"Cortisol activity and cognitive changes in psychotic major depres- sion","volume":"158","author":"Belanoff","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_234","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2008.09.002","article-title":"Go no-go performance under psychosocial stress: Beneficial effects of implementation intentions","volume":"91","author":"Scholz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Learn. Mem."},{"key":"ref_235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.115.010512","article-title":"Dopamine\u2019s Actions in Primate Prefrontal Cortex: Challenges for Treating Cognitive Disorders","volume":"67","author":"Arnsten","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_236","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2012.10.018","article-title":"The hippocampal\u2013prefrontal pathway: The weak link in psychiatric disorders?","volume":"23","author":"Godsil","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_237","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1995.tb38127.x","article-title":"Anatomic and Behavioral Aspects of Frontal-Subcortical Circuits","volume":"769","author":"Cummings","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_238","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9384(02)00936-8","article-title":"Impaired prefrontal inhibition in schizophrenia: Relevance for cognitive dysfunction","volume":"77","author":"Volk","year":"2002","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"ref_239","first-page":"143","article-title":"Selective alterations in prefrontal cortical GABA neurotransmission in schizophrenia: A novel target for the treatment of working memory dysfunction","volume":"174","author":"Lewis","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1921","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.12485","article-title":"Brain \u03b3-aminobutyric acid: A neglected role in impulsivity","volume":"39","author":"Hayes","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2016.11.064","article-title":"Glutamate dysregulation and glutamatergic therapeutics for PTSD: Evidence from human studies","volume":"649","author":"Averill","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"ref_242","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1822","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291718002519","article-title":"Prefrontal glutamate levels predict altered amygdala\u2013prefrontal connectivity in traumatized youths","volume":"49","author":"Ousdal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"ref_243","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.01.037","article-title":"Reduced gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) and glutamine in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) of veterans exposed to trauma","volume":"248","author":"Sheth","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref_244","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2015.06.001","article-title":"In vivo effects of ketamine on glutamate-glutamine and gamma-aminobutyric acid in obsessive-compulsive disorder: Proof of concept","volume":"233","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res. Neuroimaging"},{"key":"ref_245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, A.C., and Tsai, S.-J. (2017). New Targets for Schizophrenia Treatment beyond the Dopamine Hypothesis. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18081689"},{"key":"ref_246","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-118665","article-title":"Role of Glutamatergic System in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder with Possible Therapeutic Implications","volume":"51","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pharmacopsychiatry"},{"key":"ref_247","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2018.11.007","article-title":"A new generation of antidepressants: An update on the pharmaceutical pipeline for novel and rapid-acting therapeutics in mood disorders based on glutamate\/GABA neurotransmitter systems","volume":"24","author":"Wilkinson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drug Discov. Today"},{"key":"ref_248","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.03.013","article-title":"Altered Connectivity in Depression: GABA and Glutamate Neurotransmitter Deficits and Reversal by Novel Treatments","volume":"102","author":"Duman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_249","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2019.08.011","article-title":"A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial of Combined Escitalopram and Memantine for Older Adults With Major Depression and Subjective Memory Complaints","volume":"28","author":"Lavretsky","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.9758\/cpn.2020.18.2.219","article-title":"The Neurochemical Effects of Prazosin Treatment on Fear Circuitry in a Rat Traumatic Stress Model","volume":"18","author":"Ketenci","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Psychopharmacol. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_251","first-page":"489","article-title":"Cognitive and Neural Aspects of Information Processing in Major Depressive Disorder: An Integrative Perspective","volume":"3","author":"Gotlib","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_252","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gvozdanovic, G., St\u00e4mpfli, P., Seifritz, E., and Rasch, B. (2019). Structural brain differences predict early traumatic memory processing. Psychophysiology, 57.","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.13354"},{"key":"ref_253","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-019-09398-4","article-title":"The Role of the Amygdala and the Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex in Emotional Regulation: Implications for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder","volume":"29","author":"Andrewes","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuropsychol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_254","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.53.100901.135148","article-title":"Depression: Perspectives from Affective Neuroscience","volume":"53","author":"Davidson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2007.08.002","article-title":"The influence of stress hormones on emotional memory: Relevance for psychopathology","volume":"127","author":"Wolf","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Psychol."},{"key":"ref_256","first-page":"1","article-title":"Depression and PTSD Co-Morbidity: What are We Missing?","volume":"3","author":"Itzhaky","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Depress. Anxiety"},{"key":"ref_257","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2007.00969.x","article-title":"Does dopamine dysfunction drive depression?","volume":"115","author":"Malhi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand."},{"key":"ref_258","unstructured":"Metzler, J.B. (2015). Noradrenaline and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder. Comprehensive Guide to Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Springer."},{"key":"ref_259","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-018-0219-x","article-title":"Cholinergic regulation of mood: From basic and clinical studies to emerging therapeutics","volume":"24","author":"Dulawa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2006.09.005","article-title":"Mechanisms underlying working memory for novel information","volume":"10","author":"Hasselmo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"ref_261","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2007.11.002","article-title":"Inducing and modulating intrusive emotional memories: A review of the trauma film paradigm","volume":"127","author":"Holmes","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Psychol."},{"key":"ref_262","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01489","article-title":"The Cholinergic System Modulates Memory and Hippocampal Plasticity via Its Interactions with Non-Neuronal Cells","volume":"8","author":"Maurer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_263","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2011.12.028","article-title":"The impact of familial risk for schizophrenia or bipolar disorder on cognitive control during episodic memory retrieval","volume":"197","author":"Christodoulou","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"ref_264","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.clinpsy.121208.131305","article-title":"Cognition and Depression: Current Status and Future Directions","volume":"6","author":"Gotlib","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2014.01.010","article-title":"Retrieval-induced forgetting under psychosocial stress: No reduction by delayed stress and beta-adrenergic blockade","volume":"110","author":"Dreifus","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Learn. Mem."},{"key":"ref_266","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.01.046","article-title":"Review obsessive-compulsive disorder: Puzzles and prospects","volume":"102","author":"Robbins","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_267","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.09.023","article-title":"Dopaminergic Modulation of Synaptic Transmission in Cortex and Striatum","volume":"76","author":"Tritsch","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_268","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.32345","article-title":"Genetics of cognitive control: Implications for Nimh\u2019s research domain criteria initiative","volume":"171","author":"Glahn","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Med. Genet. Part B Neuropsychiatr. Genet."},{"key":"ref_269","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2016.07.516","article-title":"Endophenotype best practices","volume":"111","author":"Iacono","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Psychophysiol."},{"key":"ref_270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2016.04.010","article-title":"The trauma film paradigm as an experimental psychopathology model of psychological trauma: Intrusive memories and beyond","volume":"47","author":"James","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Rev."}],"container-title":["Journal of Personalized Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4426\/11\/4\/241\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T13:32:48Z","timestamp":1760362368000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4426\/11\/4\/241"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,26]]},"references-count":270,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]}},"alternative-id":["jpm11040241"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jpm11040241","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-4426"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2075-4426","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,26]]}}}