{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T22:26:20Z","timestamp":1788215180134,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,9]],"date-time":"2021-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623196800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003093","name":"Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FRGS\/1\/2016\/SKK14\/IMU\/01\/1, project ID- 10093"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FRGS\/1\/2016\/SKK14\/IMU\/01\/1, project ID- 10093"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003093","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on cell proliferation and osteogenic potential (OP) of MSCs have been frequently studied. Objective: to compare the effects of LPS on periodontal-ligament-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PDLSCs) in monolayer and 3D culture. Methods: The PDLSCs were colorimetrically assessed for proliferation and osteogenic potential (OP) after LPS treatment. The 3D cells were manually prepared by scratching and allowing them to clump up. The clumps (C-MSCs) were treated with LPS and assessed for Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and OP. Raman spectroscopy was used to analyze calcium salts, DNA, and proline\/hydroxyproline. Multiplexed ELISA was performed to assess LPS induced local inflammation. Results: The proliferation of PDLSCs decreased with LPS. On Day 28, LPS-treated cells showed a reduction in their OP. C-MSCs with LPS did not show a decrease in ATP production. Principal bands identified in Raman analysis were the P\u2013O bond at 960 cm\u22121 of the mineral component, 785 cm\u22121, and 855 cm\u22121 showing qualitative changes in OP, proliferation, and proline\/hydroxyproline content, respectively. ELISA confirmed increased levels of IL-6 and IL-8 but with the absence of TNF-\u03b1 and IL-1\u03b2 secretion. Conclusions: These observations demonstrate that C-MSCs are more resistant to the effects of LPS than cells in monolayer cell culture. Though LPS stimulation of C-MSCs creates an early pro-inflammatory milieu by secreting IL-6 and IL-8, PDLSCs possess inactivated TNF promoter and an ineffective caspase-1 activating process.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm11060528","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,9]],"date-time":"2021-06-09T04:22:22Z","timestamp":1623212542000},"page":"528","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["3D Clumps\/Extracellular Matrix Complexes of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells Ameliorate the Attenuating Effects of LPS on Proliferation and Osteogenic Potential"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3902-6836","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Spoorthi Ravi","family":"Banavar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, School of Dentistry, International Medical University, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Swati Yeshwant","family":"Rawal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Sciences, Marquette University, 1250 W. Wisconsin Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaju Jacob","family":"Pulikkotil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, International Medical University, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Umer","family":"Daood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, International Medical University, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9156-401X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ian C.","family":"Paterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Craniofacial Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia"},{"name":"Oral Cancer Research & Coordinating Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Jalan Profesor Diraja Ungku Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabian Amalraj","family":"Davamani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6652-0007","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mikihito","family":"Kajiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hidemi","family":"Kurihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental Academy, 1-6-2 Higashiyanagi, Kudamatsu City 744-0017, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suan Phaik","family":"Khoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, School of Dentistry, International Medical University, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eng Lai","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"972313","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/972313","article-title":"Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells: Current Status, Concerns, and Future Prospects","volume":"2015","author":"Zhu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Stem Cells Int."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16627-0","article-title":"Investigation of multipotent postnatal stem cells from human periodontal ligament","volume":"364","author":"Seo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2020.00033","article-title":"Is It Time to Start Transitioning From 2D to 3D Cell Culture?","volume":"7","author":"Jensen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. 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