{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T19:13:35Z","timestamp":1793214815786,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,16]],"date-time":"2021-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623801600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST 105-2314-B-182-068-MY3 and 107-2314-B-182-059-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 105-2314-B-182-068-MY3 and 107-2314-B-182-059-MY3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004606","name":"Chang Gung Medical Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CMRPG 5H0022, CMRPG 3J1422 and CMRPG 5I0061"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMRPG 5H0022, CMRPG 3J1422 and CMRPG 5I0061"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004606","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>MICA (major histocompatibility complex class I chain-related gene A) interacts with NKG2D on immune cells to regulate host immune responses. We aimed to determine whether MICA alleles are associated with AS susceptibility in Taiwanese. MICA alleles were determined through haplotype analyses of major MICA coding SNP (cSNP) data from 895 AS patients and 896 normal healthy controls in Taiwan. The distributions of MICA alleles were compared between AS patients and normal healthy controls and among AS patients, stratified by clinical characteristics. ELISA was used to determine soluble MICA (sMICA) levels in serum of AS patients and healthy controls. Stable cell lines expressing four major MICA alleles (MICA*002, MICA*008, MICA*010 and MICA*019) in Taiwanese were used for biological analyses. We found that MICA*019 is the only major MICA allele significantly associated with AS susceptibility (PFDR = 2.25 \u00d7 10\u2212115; OR, 14.90; 95% CI, 11.83\u201318.77) in Taiwanese. In addition, the MICA*019 allele is associated with syndesmophyte formation (PFDR = 0.0017; OR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.29\u20132.22) and HLA-B27 positivity (PFDR = 1.45 \u00d7 10\u221233; OR, 28.79; 95% CI, 16.83\u201349.26) in AS patients. Serum sMICA levels were significantly increased in AS patients as compared to healthy controls. Additionally, MICA*019 homozygous subjects produced the highest levels of sMICA, compared to donors with other genotypes. Furthermore, in vitro experiments revealed that cells expressing MICA*019 produced the highest level of sMICA, as compared to other major MICA alleles. In summary, the MICA*019 allele, producing the highest levels of sMICA, is a significant risk factor for AS and syndesmophyte formation in Taiwanese. Our data indicate that a high level of sMICA is a biomarker for AS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm11060564","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,16]],"date-time":"2021-06-16T10:27:07Z","timestamp":1623839227000},"page":"564","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["MICA*019 Allele and Soluble MICA as Biomarkers for Ankylosing Spondylitis in Taiwanese"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Chin-Man","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keng-Poo","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yeong-Jian","family":"Jan Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing-Chi","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian-Wen","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2444-0505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alice L.","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan 33375, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, CA 92103, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian-Ming","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55108, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji-Yih","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2563","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1406182","article-title":"Ankylosing Spondylitis and Axial Spondyloarthritis","volume":"374","author":"Taurog","year":"2016","journal-title":"N. 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