{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T02:01:42Z","timestamp":1787882502266,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,6]],"date-time":"2021-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625529600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Purpose: the purpose of this study was to assess the evolution of computed tomography (CT) findings and lung residue in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, via quantified evaluation of the disease, using a computer aided tool. Materials and methods: we retrospectively evaluated 341 CT examinations of 140 patients (68 years of median age) infected with COVID-19 (confirmed by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)), who were hospitalized, and who received clinical and CT examinations. All CTs were evaluated by two expert radiologists, in consensus, at the same reading session, using a computer-aided tool for quantification of the pulmonary disease. The parameters obtained using the computer tool included the healthy residual parenchyma, ground glass opacity, consolidation, and total lung volume. Results: statistically significant differences (p value \u2264 0.05) were found among quantified volumes of healthy residual parenchyma, ground glass opacity (GGO), consolidation, and total lung volume, considering different clinical conditions (stable, improved, and worsened). Statistically significant differences were found among quantified volumes for healthy residual parenchyma, GGO, and consolidation (p value \u2264 0.05) between dead patients and discharged patients. CT was not performed on cadavers; the death was an outcome, which was retrospectively included to differentiate findings of patients who survived vs. patients who died during hospitalization. Among discharged patients, complete disease resolutions on CT scans were observed in 62\/129 patients with lung disease involvement \u22645%; lung disease involvement from 5% to 15% was found in 40\/129 patients, while 27\/129 patients had lung disease involvement between 16 and 30%. Moreover, 8\u201321 days (after hospital admission) was an \u201cadvanced period\u201d with the most severe lung disease involvement. After the extent of involvement started to decrease\u2014particularly after 21 days\u2014the absorption was more obvious. Conclusions: a complete disease resolution on chest CT scans was observed in 48.1% of discharged patients using a computer-aided tool to quantify the GGO and consolidation volumes; after 16 days of hospital admission, the abnormalities identified by chest CT began to improve; in particular, the absorption was more obvious after 21 days.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm11070641","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,6]],"date-time":"2021-07-06T11:36:44Z","timestamp":1625571404000},"page":"641","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Evolution of CT Findings and Lung Residue in Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia: Quantitative Analysis of the Disease with a Computer Automatic Tool"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0566-3199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto","family":"Grassi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Radiodiagnostic, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"Italian Society of Medical and Interventional Radiology (SIRM), SIRM Foundation, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salvatore","family":"Cappabianca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Radiodiagnostic, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Urraro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Radiodiagnostic, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincenza","family":"Granata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology Division, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione Pascale\u2014IRCCS di Napoli, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuliana","family":"Giacobbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Radiodiagnostic, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simona","family":"Magliocchetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Radiodiagnostic, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7028-9047","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diletta","family":"Cozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Radiodiagnostic, Azienda Ospedaliero\u2014Universitaria Careggi, 50139 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0469-9969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberta","family":"Fusco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Oncology Division, Igea SpA, 80013 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberta","family":"Galdiero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology Division, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione Pascale\u2014IRCCS di Napoli, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmine","family":"Picone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology Division, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione Pascale\u2014IRCCS di Napoli, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Paola","family":"Belfiore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Radiodiagnostic, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfonso","family":"Reginelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Radiodiagnostic, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Umberto","family":"Atripaldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Radiodiagnostic, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ornella","family":"Picascia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Radiodiagnostic, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Coppola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic Imaging Unit, \u201cAzienda Ospedaliera dei Colli\u201d\u2014Ospedale Monaldi, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elio","family":"Bignardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic Imaging Unit, \u201cAzienda Ospedaliera dei Colli\u201d\u2014Ospedale Monaldi, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberta","family":"Grassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Radiodiagnostic, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"Italian Society of Medical and Interventional Radiology (SIRM), SIRM Foundation, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7848-1567","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vittorio","family":"Miele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Radiodiagnostic, Azienda Ospedaliero\u2014Universitaria Careggi, 50139 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2020, March 21). 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