{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T18:54:46Z","timestamp":1790880886563,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,6]],"date-time":"2021-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625529600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5T32GM007628"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5T32GM007628"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R25GM059994"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R25GM059994"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U54CA163069"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54CA163069"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SC1CA211030"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SC1CA211030"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P50CA095103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P50CA095103"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U54MD007593"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54MD007593"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Dysregulation of systemic calcium homeostasis during malignancy is common in most patients with high-grade tumors. However, it remains unclear whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that alter the sensitivity of the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) to circulating calcium are associated with primary and\/or secondary neoplasms at specific pathological sites in patients of European and African ancestry. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to analyze the association of CASR SNPs with circulating calcium, parathyroid hormone, vitamin D, and primary and secondary neoplasms. Circulating calcium is associated with an increased risk for breast, prostate, and skin cancers. In patients of European descent, the rs1801725 CASR SNP is associated with bone-related cancer phenotypes, deficiency of humoral immunity, and a higher risk of secondary neoplasms in the lungs and bone. Interestingly, circulating calcium levels are higher in homozygous patients for the inactivating CASR variant at rs1801725 (TT genotype), and this is associated with a higher risk of secondary malignancies. Our data suggest that expression of CaSR variants at rs1801725 is associated with a higher risk of developing secondary neoplastic lesions in the lungs and bone, due in part to cancer-induced hypercalcemia and\/or tumor immune suppression. Screening of patients for CASR variants at this locus may lead to improved management of high calcium associated tumor progression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm11070642","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,6]],"date-time":"2021-07-06T23:53:51Z","timestamp":1625615631000},"page":"642","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Calcium-Sensing Receptor Polymorphisms at rs1801725 Are Associated with Increased Risk of Secondary Malignancies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1591-6914","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ky\u2019Era V.","family":"Actkins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Physiology, School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4636-2889","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heather K.","family":"Beasley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annika B.","family":"Faucon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Nashville, TN 37232, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lea K.","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amos M.","family":"Sakwe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2015.02.011","article-title":"The Calcium-Sensing Receptor: A Promising Target for Prevention of Colorectal Cancer","volume":"1853","author":"Aggarwal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochim. 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