{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T16:26:00Z","timestamp":1791649560742,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,5]],"date-time":"2021-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and aim: Bradyarrhythmias cause a low cerebral blood flow with secondary neuronal ischemia and cognitive dysfunction. This study aims to assess the effect of cardiac pacemaker implantation (PI) on the cognitive function and inflammatory markers (TNF alpha, IL1\u03b2). Material and method: We conducted a prospective observational study on a number of 31 patients with symptomatic bradyarrhythmias. We performed the cognitive function assessment by two tests (Mini-Mental State Examination and Trail Making Test A), cardiac output assessment (echocardiographic), and determination of IL 1\u03b2 and TNF alpha serum concentrations before pacemaker implantation and after an average period of 42 days from pacemaker implantation.Results: After pacemaker implantation we observed an increase in the cardiac index by 0.71 L\/min\/m2 (p &lt; 0.001) and a better scoring in cognitive performance; the mean MMSE score increased by two points (p &lt; 0.001), and Trail Making Test A had an improvement of 16 s (p &lt; 0.001). Regarding the inflammatory markers, a significant decrease in IL-1\u03b2 with 8.6 pg\/mL (p = 0.049) after pacemaker implantation was observed. Additionally, we found statistically significant correlations between IL1\u03b2 and TNF alpha (positive correlation, p = 0.005), between the MMSE and cardiac index (p &lt; 0.001), between the Trail Making Test and cardiac index (p = 0.001), and between the MMSE and Trail Making Test (p = 0.003). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that cardiac pacemaker implantation was associated with improved cognitive function\u2014possibly related to an increased cardiac output and with adecreased serum IL1\u03b2 concentration in subjects with symptomatic bradycardia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm11080770","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,5]],"date-time":"2021-08-05T04:33:29Z","timestamp":1628138009000},"page":"770","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Improvement of Cognitive Function and Interleukin 1 Beta Serum Concentrations Following Cardiac Pacemaker Implantation in Patients with Symptomatic Bradycardia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1929-8612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandru","family":"Martis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rehabilitation Hospital Cardiology Department, \u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriel","family":"Gusetu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rehabilitation Hospital Cardiology Department, \u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7352-9584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel","family":"Cismaru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rehabilitation Hospital Cardiology Department, \u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dumitru","family":"Zdrenghea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rehabilitation Hospital Cardiology Department, \u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4218-8622","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel-Corneliu","family":"Leucuta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, \u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dana","family":"Pop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rehabilitation Hospital Cardiology Department, \u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez-S\u00e1nchez, E., Mora-Sim\u00f3n, S., Patino-Alonso, M.C., Garc\u00eda-Garc\u00eda, R., Escribano-Hern\u00e1ndez, A., Garc\u00eda-Ortiz, L., Bartolom\u00e9, M.V.P., and G\u00f3mez-Marcos, M.A. (2011). 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