{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T14:19:09Z","timestamp":1781619549351,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,24]],"date-time":"2021-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629763200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI17\/00818"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI17\/00818"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI20\/00268"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI20\/00268"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RETICS ARADyAL RD16\/0006\/0019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RETICS ARADyAL RD16\/0006\/0019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RETICS ARADyAL RD16\/0006\/0001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RETICS ARADyAL RD16\/0006\/0001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Juan Rod\u00e9s contract","award":["JR19\/00029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JR19\/00029"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008431","name":"Consejer\u00eda de Educaci\u00f3n, Junta de Castilla y Le\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IES161P20"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IES161P20"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008431","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014180","name":"Junta de Castilla y Le\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GRS2156\/A\/20"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GRS2156\/A\/20"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014180","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Sociedad Espa\u00f1ola de Alergolog\u00eda e Inmunolog\u00eda Clinica","award":["BECA_Davila19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BECA_Davila19"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Precision medicine is a promising strategy to identify biomarkers, stratify asthmatic patients according to different endotypes, and match them with the appropriate therapy. This proof-of-concept study aimed to investigate whether gene expression in peripheral blood could provide a valuable noninvasive approach for the molecular phenotyping of asthma. Methods: We performed whole-transcriptome RNA sequencing on peripheral blood of 30 non-atopic non-asthmatic controls and 30 asthmatic patients. A quantitative PCR (qPCR) validation study of PTGDR2 that encodes for CRTH2 receptor, expressed in cells involved in T2 inflammation, was developed in a cohort of 361 independent subjects: 94 non-asthmatic non-atopic controls, 187 asthmatic patients [including 82 with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) and 24 with aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD)], 52 with allergic rhinitis, and 28 with CRSwNP without asthma. Results: PTGDR2 was one of the most differentially overexpressed genes in asthmatic patients\u2019 peripheral blood (p-value 2.64 \u00d7 106). These results were confirmed by qPCR in the validation study, where PTGDR2 transcripts were significantly upregulated in asthmatic patients (p &lt; 0.001). This upregulation was mainly detected in some subgroups such as allergic asthma, asthma with CRSwNP, AERD, eosinophilic asthma, and severe persistent asthma. PTGDR2 expression was detected in different blood cell types, and its correlation with eosinophil counts showed differences in some groups of asthmatic patients. Conclusions: We found that PTGDR2 expression levels could identify asthma patients, introduce a minimally invasive biomarker for adult asthma molecular phenotyping, and add additional information to blood eosinophils. Although further studies are required, analyzing PTGDR2 expression levels in peripheral blood of asthmatics might assist in selecting patients for treatment with specific antagonists.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm11090827","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,24]],"date-time":"2021-08-24T04:43:43Z","timestamp":1629780223000},"page":"827","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["PTGDR2 Expression in Peripheral Blood as a Potential Biomarker in Adult Patients with Asthma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9655-4918","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Asunci\u00f3n","family":"Garc\u00eda-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo Alergolog\u00eda, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Red Cooperativa de Investigaci\u00f3n en Salud\u2013RETICS ARADyAL, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias Biom\u00e9dicas y del Diagn\u00f3stico, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9788-4540","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel","family":"Estrav\u00eds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo Alergolog\u00eda, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Red Cooperativa de Investigaci\u00f3n en Salud\u2013RETICS ARADyAL, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias Biom\u00e9dicas y del Diagn\u00f3stico, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria J.","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo Alergolog\u00eda, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Red Cooperativa de Investigaci\u00f3n en Salud\u2013RETICS ARADyAL, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica y Biolog\u00eda Molecular, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline","family":"P\u00e9rez-Pazos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo Alergolog\u00eda, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Mart\u00edn-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Inmunoalergia, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Gil-Melc\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Otorrinolaringolog\u00eda, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacinto","family":"Ramos-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Neumolog\u00eda, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3774-931X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ibon","family":"Eguiluz-Gracia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Red Cooperativa de Investigaci\u00f3n en Salud\u2013RETICS ARADyAL, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Servicio de Alergia, Hospital Regional Universitario de M\u00e1laga, 29010 M\u00e1laga, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6752-8000","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Carlos","family":"Trivi\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo Bioinform\u00e1tica, Sistemas Gen\u00f3micos, 46980 Paterna, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Isidoro-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo Alergolog\u00eda, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Red Cooperativa de Investigaci\u00f3n en Salud\u2013RETICS ARADyAL, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Servicio de Bioqu\u00edmica Cl\u00ednica, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8485-5513","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ignacio","family":"D\u00e1vila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo Alergolog\u00eda, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Red Cooperativa de Investigaci\u00f3n en Salud\u2013RETICS 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