{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T15:29:09Z","timestamp":1768318149452,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,26]],"date-time":"2021-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629936000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Competitiveness Operational Program","award":["IntelBiomed project, SMIS code 105631, ID: P_40_197, Grant No. 52\/2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IntelBiomed project, SMIS code 105631, ID: P_40_197, Grant No. 52\/2016"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Psoriasis has a multifactorial pathogenesis and recently it was shown that alterations in the skin and intestinal microbiome are involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Therefore, microbiome restoration becomes a promising preventive\/therapy strategy in psoriasis. In our pre-clinical study design using a mice model of induced psoriatic dermatitis (Ps) we have tested the proof-of-concept that IgY raised against pathological human bacteria resistant to antibiotics can alleviate psoriatic lesions and restore deregulated immune cell parameters. Besides clinical evaluation of the mice and histology of the developed psoriatic lesions, cellular immune parameters were monitored. Immune cells populations\/subpopulations from peripheral blood and spleen cell suspensions that follow the clinical improvement were assessed using flow cytometry. We have quantified T lymphocytes (CD3\u03b5+) with T-helper (CD4+CD8\u2212) and T-suppressor\/cytotoxic (CD8a+CD4\u2212) subsets, B lymphocytes (CD3\u03b5\u2212CD19+) and NK cells (CD3\u03b5\u2212NK1.1+). Improved clinical evolution of the induced Ps along with the restoration of immune cells parameters were obtained when orally IgY was administered. We pin-point that IgY specific compound can be used as a possible pre-biotic-like alternative adjuvant in psoriasis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm11090841","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,30]],"date-time":"2021-08-30T22:49:51Z","timestamp":1630363791000},"page":"841","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Unconventional Therapy with IgY in a Psoriatic Mouse Model Targeting Gut Microbiome"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Mihaela","family":"Surcel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Department, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d National Institute of Pathology, 99-101 Spl. Independentei, 050096 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adriana","family":"Munteanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Department, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d National Institute of Pathology, 99-101 Spl. Independentei, 050096 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Faculty of Biology, Doctoral School of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Spl. Independentei, 030018 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gheorghita","family":"Isvoranu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Husbandry, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d National Institute of Pathology, 99-101 Spl. Independentei, 050096 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alef","family":"Ibram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Laboratory, Romvac Company SA, 077190 Voluntari, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4530-7965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Constantin","family":"Caruntu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Pharmacy and Medicine, 37 Dionisie Lupu Street, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2870-5497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carolina","family":"Constantin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Department, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d National Institute of Pathology, 99-101 Spl. Independentei, 050096 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Colentina University Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9339-2805","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monica","family":"Neagu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Department, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d National Institute of Pathology, 99-101 Spl. Independentei, 050096 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Faculty of Biology, Doctoral School of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Spl. Independentei, 030018 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Colentina University Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guo, R., Zhang, T., Meng, X., Lin, Z., Lin, J., Gong, Y., Liu, X., Yu, Y., Zhao, G., and Ding, X. (2019). Lymphocyte Mass Cytometry Identifies a CD3\u2212CD4+ Cell Subset with a Potential Role in Psoriasis. JCI Insight, 4.","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.125306"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0804595","article-title":"Psoriasis","volume":"361","author":"Nestle","year":"2009","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2012.339","article-title":"Global Epidemiology of Psoriasis: A Systematic Review of Incidence and Prevalence","volume":"133","author":"Parisi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"m1590","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m1590","article-title":"National, Regional, and Worldwide Epidemiology of Psoriasis: Systematic Analysis and Modelling Study","volume":"369","author":"Parisi","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.13137","article-title":"Desired Response to Phototherapy vs Photoaggravation in Psoriasis: What Makes the Difference?","volume":"25","author":"Wolf","year":"2016","journal-title":"Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2007.08.015","article-title":"Triggering Psoriasis: The Role of Infections and Medications","volume":"25","author":"Fry","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.2147\/PTT.S85189","article-title":"Psoriasis and Smoking: Links and Risks","volume":"6","author":"Naldi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psoriasis"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1177\/247553031700200406","article-title":"Obesity, Diet, and Inflammation in Psoriasis","volume":"2","author":"Wheatley","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Psoriasis Psoriatic Arthritis"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1159\/000348865","article-title":"Alcohol, Liver, Systemic Inflammation and Skin: A Focus on Patients with Psoriasis","volume":"26","author":"Farkas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Skin Pharmacol. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-0711","article-title":"Excessive Body Weight and Smoking Associates with a High Risk of Onset of Plaque Psoriasis","volume":"89","author":"Wolk","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Derm.-Venereol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.16116","article-title":"Psychological Stress and Psoriasis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"178","author":"Snast","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.1994.tb01167.x","article-title":"Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI)\u2014A Simple Practical Measure for Routine Clinical Use","volume":"19","author":"Finlay","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.04.012","article-title":"Evaluating Psoriasis with Psoriasis Area and Severity Index, Psoriasis Global Assessment, and Lattice System Physician\u2019s Global Assessment","volume":"51","author":"Langley","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Georgescu, S.-R., Tampa, M., Caruntu, C., Sarbu, M.-I., Mitran, C.-I., Mitran, M.-I., Matei, C., Constantin, C., and Neagu, M. (2019). Advances in Understanding the Immunological Pathways in Psoriasis. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20030739"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.2174\/2468422807666180320125713","article-title":"Biomarkers Insights in Psoriasis-Regulatory Cytokines","volume":"7","author":"Surcel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Biomark."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"115","article-title":"Infliximab for the Treatment of Plaque Psoriasis","volume":"2","author":"Gall","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biologics"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.2147\/TCRM.S1265","article-title":"Treating Psoriasis with Adalimumab","volume":"4","author":"Alwawi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ther. Clin. Risk Manag."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.15258","article-title":"Certolizumab Pegol for the Treatment of Patients with Moderate-to-Severe Chronic Plaque Psoriasis: Pooled Analysis of Week 16 Data from Three Randomized Controlled Trials","volume":"33","author":"Blauvelt","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1358\/dot.2010.46.4.1464839","article-title":"Ustekinumab for the Treatment of Psoriasis: Review of Three Multicenter Clinical Trials","volume":"46","author":"Farhi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Drugs Today"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212594","DOI":"10.7573\/dic.212594","article-title":"Guselkumab for the Treatment of Psoriasis\u2014Evidence to Date","volume":"8","author":"Nogueira","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drugs Context"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.1624","article-title":"Meta-Analyses of Clinical Efficacy of Risankizumab and Adalimumab in Chronic Plaque Psoriasis: Supporting Evidence of Risankizumab Superiority","volume":"107","author":"Witjes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2305","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.15862","article-title":"Tildrakizumab Efficacy and Impact on Quality of Life up to 52 Weeks in Patients with Moderate-to-Severe Psoriasis: A Pooled Analysis of Two Randomized Controlled Trials","volume":"33","author":"Blauvelt","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1586\/1744666X.2015.1095092","article-title":"Secukinumab (AIN457) for the Treatment of Psoriasis","volume":"11","author":"Vilarrasa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.16050","article-title":"Ixekizumab Treatment for Psoriasis: Integrated Efficacy Analysis of Three Double-Blinded, Controlled Studies","volume":"178","author":"Papp","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212570","DOI":"10.7573\/dic.212570","article-title":"Brodalumab in Psoriasis: Evidence to Date and Clinical Potential","volume":"8","author":"Foulkes","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drugs Context"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10976","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.8b00588","article-title":"Combating Autoimmune Diseases With Retinoic Acid Receptor-Related Orphan Receptor-\u03b3 (ROR\u03b3 or RORc) Inhibitors: Hits and Misses","volume":"61","author":"Pandya","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1811317","article-title":"Inhibition of the Interleukin-36 Pathway for the Treatment of Generalized Pustular Psoriasis","volume":"380","author":"Bachelez","year":"2019","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd.2017.201","article-title":"JAK Inhibition as a Therapeutic Strategy for Immune and Inflammatory Diseases","volume":"16","author":"Schwartz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1546","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2019.11.027","article-title":"Molecular and Cellular Responses to the TYK2\/JAK1 Inhibitor PF-06700841 Reveal Reduction of Skin Inflammation in Plaque Psoriasis","volume":"140","author":"Page","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3809","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1602142","article-title":"Cutting Edge: Selective Oral ROCK2 Inhibitor Reduces Clinical Scores in Patients with Psoriasis Vulgaris and Normalizes Skin Pathology via Concurrent Regulation of IL-17 and IL-10","volume":"198","author":"Weiss","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2036","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60803-5","article-title":"Oral Ponesimod in Patients with Chronic Plaque Psoriasis: A Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase 2 Trial","volume":"384","author":"Vaclavkova","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.10.037","article-title":"Phase 2, Randomized Dose-Finding Study of Tapinarof (GSK2894512 Cream) for the Treatment of Plaque Psoriasis","volume":"80","author":"Robbins","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.4161\/hv.23383","article-title":"Oral Passive IgY-Based Immunotherapeutics","volume":"9","author":"Rahman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum. Vaccines Immunother."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2005.08.016","article-title":"Immune Responses after Local Administration of IgY Loaded-PLGA Microspheres in Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue in Pigs","volume":"109","author":"Cariolet","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-food-022811-101137","article-title":"Egg Yolk Antibodies for Passive Immunity","volume":"3","author":"Mine","year":"2012","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1080\/09540109999861","article-title":"Evaluation of Allergenicity of Egg Yolk Immunoglobulin Y and Other Egg Proteins by Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis","volume":"11","author":"Akita","year":"1999","journal-title":"Food Agric. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vega, C.G., Bok, M., Vlasova, A.N., Chattha, K.S., Fern\u00e1ndez, F.M., Wigdorovitz, A., Parre\u00f1o, V.G., and Saif, L.J. (2012). IgY Antibodies Protect against Human Rotavirus Induced Diarrhea in the Neonatal Gnotobiotic Piglet Disease Model. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0042788"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2011.07.003","article-title":"Application of Chicken Egg Yolk Immunoglobulins in the Control of Terrestrial and Aquatic Animal Diseases: A Review","volume":"29","author":"Xu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Adv."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2020.8704","article-title":"IgY\u2014Turning the Page toward Passive Immunization in COVID-19 Infection (Review)","volume":"20","author":"Constantin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.17485\/ijst\/2010\/v3i4.24","article-title":"Chicken Egg Yolk Antibodies (IgY) as an Alternative to Mammalian Antibodies","volume":"3","author":"Michael","year":"2010","journal-title":"Indian J. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu, M., Zhang, R., Ni, P., Chen, S., and Duan, G. (2019). Helicobacter Pylori Infection and Psoriasis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Medicina, 55.","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina55100645"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Jes\u00fas-Gil, C., Sans-de San Nicol\u00e0s, L., Ruiz-Romeu, E., Ferran, M., Soria-Mart\u00ednez, L., Garc\u00eda-Jim\u00e9nez, I., Chiriac, A., Casanova-Seuma, J.M., Fern\u00e1ndez-Armenteros, J.M., and Owens, S. (2021). Interplay between Humoral and CLA+T Cell Response against Candida albicans in Psoriasis. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22041519"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2019.00007","article-title":"Bacterial Dysbiosis and Translocation in Psoriasis Vulgaris","volume":"9","author":"Visser","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Cell Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_44","first-page":"1030","article-title":"Phenotypic Changes of Lymphocyte Populations in Psoriasiform Dermatitis Animal Model","volume":"17","author":"Surcel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"ref_45","first-page":"4956","article-title":"Reinforcing Involvement of NK Cells in Psoriasiform Dermatitis Animal Model","volume":"18","author":"Surcel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"ref_46","unstructured":"P\u0103tra\u015fcu, I.V., Chiurciu, V., Chiurciu, C., and Topilescu, G. (2014). Procedure to Obtain and Use Hen Egg Immunoglobulins (IgY). (RO129645 A0, 2014 00156)."},{"key":"ref_47","unstructured":"P\u0103tra\u015fcu, I.V., Chiurciu, V., Chiurciu, C., and Topilescu, G. (2014). Method for Immunobiological Assay of Chicken Immunoglobulins Specific Activity. (RO129677 A0, 2014 00179)."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5836","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0802999","article-title":"Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis-like Skin Inflammation in Mice Is Mediated via the IL-23\/IL-17 Axis","volume":"182","author":"Mourits","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_49","unstructured":"Chiurciu, C., Chiurciu, V., Sima, L., Mihai, I., and Patrascu, I.V. (2016). Production and Use of Personalized (Ovopatch) Hyperimmune Egg in the Treatment of Psoriasis. (RO 130965 A0, 2015 00735)."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589726","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.589726","article-title":"Skin and Gut Microbiome in Psoriasis: Gaining Insight Into the Pathophysiology of It and Finding Novel Therapeutic Strategies","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.12739","article-title":"Molecular Characterization of the Skin Fungal Microbiome in Patients with Psoriasis","volume":"42","author":"Takemoto","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.01459","article-title":"The Gut Microbiome as a Major Regulator of the Gut-Skin Axis","volume":"9","author":"Salem","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2018.03.011","article-title":"Is psoriasis a bowel disease? Successful treatment with bile acids and bioflavonoids suggests it is","volume":"36","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boche\u0144ska, K., Smoli\u0144ska, E., Moskot, M., Jak\u00f3bkiewicz-Banecka, J., and Gabig-Cimi\u0144ska, M. (2017). Models in the Research Process of Psoriasis. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18122514"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2017.10.013","article-title":"Research Techniques Made Simple: Murine Models of Human Psoriasis","volume":"138","author":"Hawkes","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1815","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2018.1445947","article-title":"Genital Warts Treatment: Beyond Imiquimod","volume":"14","author":"Yuan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hum. Vaccines Immunother."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jabeen, M., Boisgard, A.-S., Danoy, A., El Kholti, N., Salvi, J.-P., Boulieu, R., Fromy, B., Verrier, B., and Lamrayah, M. (2020). Advanced Characterization of Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis-Like Mouse Model. Pharmaceutics, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics12090789"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2008.03035.x","article-title":"CD28 T-cell costimulatory molecule expression in pemphigus vulgaris","volume":"23","author":"Alecu","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-013-0579-6","article-title":"High-Dose Cholecalciferol Supplementation Significantly Increases Peripheral CD4+ Tregs in Healthy Adults without Negatively Affecting the Frequency of Other Immune Cells","volume":"53","author":"Prietl","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shin, S.-H., Kim, H.-Y., Yoon, H.-S., Park, W.-J., Adams, D.R., Pyne, N.J., Pyne, S., and Park, J.-W. (2020). A Novel Selective Sphingosine Kinase 2 Inhibitor, HWG-35D, Ameliorates the Severity of Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis Model by Blocking Th17 Differentiation of Na\u00efve CD4 T Lymphocytes. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21218371"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10466","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.45211","article-title":"Dihydroartemisinin Ameliorates Psoriatic Skin Inflammation and Its Relapse by Diminishing CD8+ T-Cell Memory in Wild-Type and Humanized Mice","volume":"10","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-3069","article-title":"Aberrant B-Cell Subsets and Immunoglobulin Levels in Patients with Moderate-to-Severe Psoriasis","volume":"99","author":"Kahlert","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Derm.-Venereol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11724","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms11724","article-title":"NFATc1 Supports Imiquimod-Induced Skin Inflammation by Suppressing IL-10 Synthesis in B Cells","volume":"7","author":"Alrefai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_64","first-page":"97","article-title":"Current Developments in the Immunology of Psoriasis","volume":"93","author":"Kerstan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Yale J. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00242","article-title":"Innate Lymphocytes in Psoriasis","volume":"11","author":"Polese","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.622306","article-title":"The Role of Natural Killer Cells in Autoimmune Diseases","volume":"12","author":"Kucuksezer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2012.10814.x","article-title":"Peripheral Natural Killer Cells Exhibit Qualitative and Quantitative Changes in Patients with Psoriasis and Atopic Dermatitis","volume":"166","author":"Luci","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2015.10.004","article-title":"Natural Killer Cells from Psoriasis Vulgaris Patients Have Reduced Levels of Cytotoxicity Associated Degranulation and Cytokine Production","volume":"177","author":"Dunphy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hadad, U., Thauland, T., Butte, M., Porgador, A., Martinez, O., and Krams, S. (2015, January 2\u20136). NKp46 Clusters at the NK Cell Immune Synapse Regulate Specific Effector Functions. Proceedings of the 2015 American Transplant Congress, Philadelphia, PA, USA.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2015.00495"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1869","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01869","article-title":"Natural Killer Cells: Development, Maturation, and Clinical Utilization","volume":"9","author":"Abel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_71","first-page":"4097642","article-title":"Early Differentiation of Human CD11c+NK Cells with \u0393\u03b4 T Cell Activation Properties Is Promoted by Dialyzable Leukocyte Extracts","volume":"2016","author":"Vadillo","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Res."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-017-2693-8","article-title":"Mouse models for human intestinal microbiota research: A critical evaluation","volume":"75","author":"Hugenholtz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.3353","article-title":"A catalog of the mouse gut metagenome","volume":"33","author":"Xiao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.00887","article-title":"Core Gut Bacteria Analysis of Healthy Mice","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."}],"container-title":["Journal of Personalized Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4426\/11\/9\/841\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T06:52:56Z","timestamp":1760165576000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4426\/11\/9\/841"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,26]]},"references-count":74,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]}},"alternative-id":["jpm11090841"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jpm11090841","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-4426"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2075-4426","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,26]]}}}