{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T01:23:58Z","timestamp":1777425838243,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,31]],"date-time":"2021-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630368000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) has variable imaging appearances, which overlap with those of glioblastoma (GBM), thereby necessitating invasive tissue diagnosis. We aimed to investigate whether a rapid filtration histogram analysis of clinical MRI data supports the distinction of PCNSL from GBM. Ninety tumours (PCNSL n = 48, GBM n = 42) were analysed using pre-treatment MRI sequences (T1-weighted contrast-enhanced (T1CE), T2-weighted (T2), and apparent diffusion coefficient maps (ADC)). The segmentations were completed with proprietary texture analysis software (TexRAD version 3.3). Filtered (five filter sizes SSF = 2\u20136 mm) and unfiltered (SSF = 0) histogram parameters were compared using Mann-Whitney U non-parametric testing, with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) derived area under the curve (AUC) analysis for significant results. Across all (n = 90) tumours, the optimal algorithm performance was achieved using an unfiltered ADC mean and the mean of positive pixels (MPP), with a sensitivity of 83.8%, specificity of 8.9%, and AUC of 0.88. For subgroup analysis with &gt;1\/3 necrosis masses, ADC permitted the identification of PCNSL with a sensitivity of 96.9% and specificity of 100%. For T1CE-derived regions, the distinction was less accurate, with a sensitivity of 71.4%, specificity of 77.1%, and AUC of 0.779. A role may exist for cross-sectional texture analysis without complex machine learning models to differentiate PCNSL from GBM. ADC appears the most suitable sequence, especially for necrotic lesion distinction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm11090876","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,31]],"date-time":"2021-08-31T08:42:32Z","timestamp":1630399352000},"page":"876","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Filtration-Histogram Based Magnetic Resonance Texture Analysis (MRTA) for the Distinction of Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma and Glioblastoma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Claire L.","family":"MacIver","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroradiological Academic Unit, Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ayisha Al","family":"Busaidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lysholm Department of Neuroradiology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London WC1N 3BG, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1386-0531","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Balaji","family":"Ganeshan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Nuclear Medicine, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London NW1 2BU, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4089-7575","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John A.","family":"Maynard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroradiological Academic Unit, Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK"},{"name":"Lysholm Department of Neuroradiology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London WC1N 3BG, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Wastling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroradiological Academic Unit, Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK"},{"name":"Lysholm Department of Neuroradiology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London WC1N 3BG, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Harpreet","family":"Hyare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imaging Department, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London NW1 3BG, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Brandner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology and Division of Neuropathology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London WC1N 3BG, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julia E.","family":"Markus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imaging Department, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London NW1 3BG, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin A.","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroradiological Academic Unit, Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ashley M.","family":"Groves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Nuclear Medicine, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London NW1 2BU, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kate","family":"Cwynarski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Haematology and Oncology Department, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London NW1 3BG, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefanie C.","family":"Thust","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroradiological Academic Unit, Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK"},{"name":"Lysholm Department of Neuroradiology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London WC1N 3BG, UK"},{"name":"Imaging Department, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London NW1 3BG, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28897","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.25622","article-title":"Impact of histologic subtypes and treatment modality among patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma: A SEER database analysis","volume":"9","author":"Chihara","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nic.2016.06.004","article-title":"Lymphomas-Part 1","volume":"26","author":"Brandao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuroimaging Clin. 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