{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:28:24Z","timestamp":1760236104168,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":102,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,27]],"date-time":"2021-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635292800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fondo integrativo per la ricerca (Fir)","award":["Year 2019 and 2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Year 2019 and 2020"]}]},{"name":"Autonomous Region of Sardinia (\u201cLegge Regionale 7 agosto 2007, n. 7 \u2013 call 2017\u201d)","award":["RASSR57271"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RASSR57271"]}]},{"name":"Sardinian Regional Government","award":["P.O.R. Sardegna F.S.E.  -  Operational Programme of the Autonomous Region of Sardinia, European Social Fund 2014-2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P.O.R. Sardegna F.S.E.  -  Operational Programme of the Autonomous Region of Sardinia, European Social Fund 2014-2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Psychiatric disorders seem to be characterized by premature cell senescence. However, controversial results have also been reported. In addition, the relationship between accelerated aging and treatment-resistance has scarcely been investigated. In the current study, we measured leukocyte telomere length (LTL) in 148 patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD, 125 with major depressive disorder, MDD, and 23 with bipolar disorder, BD) treated with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and analyzed whether LTL was associated with different response profiles. We also compared LTL between patients with TRD and 335 non-psychiatric controls. For 107 patients for which genome-wide association data were available, we evaluated whether a significant overlap among genetic variants or genes associated with LTL and with response to ECT could be observed. LTL was negatively correlated with age (Spearman\u2019s correlation coefficient = \u22120.25, p &lt; 0.0001) and significantly shorter in patients with treatment-resistant MDD (Quade\u2019s F = 35.18, p &lt; 0.0001) or BD (Quade\u2019s F = 20.84, p &lt; 0.0001) compared to controls. Conversely, baseline LTL was not associated with response to ECT or remission. We did not detect any significant overlap between genetic variants or genes associated with LTL and response to ECT. Our results support previous findings suggesting premature cell senescence in patients with severe psychiatric disorders and suggest that LTL could not be a predictive biomarker of response to ECT.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm11111100","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,27]],"date-time":"2021-10-27T23:24:42Z","timestamp":1635377082000},"page":"1100","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Investigating the Role of Leukocyte Telomere Length in Treatment-Resistant Depression and in Response to Electroconvulsive Therapy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9151-4319","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"Pisanu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0373-4133","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erika","family":"Vitali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy"},{"name":"Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Meloni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Donatella","family":"Congiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Severino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raffaella","family":"Ardau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Agency of Cagliari, 09123 Cagliari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caterina","family":"Chillotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Agency of Cagliari, 09123 Cagliari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Trabucchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatric Hospital \u201cVilla Santa Chiara\u201d, 37142 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Bortolomasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatric Hospital \u201cVilla Santa Chiara\u201d, 37142 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Gennarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy"},{"name":"Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9463-7808","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandra","family":"Minelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy"},{"name":"Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7415-7607","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessio","family":"Squassina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1819.2006.01584.x","article-title":"Assessment of quality of life with the WHOQOL-BREF in a group of Turkish psychiatric patients compared with diabetic and healthy subjects","volume":"60","author":"Akvardar","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychiatry Clin. 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