{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T15:38:32Z","timestamp":1791819512838,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,24]],"date-time":"2021-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637712000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF2018R1D1AB07050067"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF2018R1D1AB07050067"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002630","name":"Ewha Womans University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1-2019-0785-001-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1-2019-0785-001-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002630","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A person high in neuroticism is more likely to experience anxiety, stress, worry, fear, anger, and depression. Previous studies have shown that the gut microbiota can influence personality and mental disorders, including stress, anxiety, and depression, through the gut\u2013brain axis. Here, we investigated the correlations between the sub-facet of neuroticism and gut microbiota using the Revised NEO Personality Inventory and the 16S rRNA gene sequencing data 784 adults. We found that the high anxiety and vulnerability group showed significantly lower richness in microbial diversity than a group with low anxiety and vulnerability. In beta diversity, there was a significant difference between the low and high groups of anxiety, self-consciousness, impulsiveness, and vulnerability. In taxonomic compositions, Haemophilus belonging to Gammaproteobacteria was correlated with the Neuroticism domain as well as N1 anxiety and N6 vulnerability facets. The high N1 anxiety and N6 vulnerability group was correlated with a low abundance of Christensenellaceae belonging to Firmicutes Clostridia. High N4 self-consciousness was correlated with a low abundance of Alistipes and Sudoligranulum. N5 impulsiveness was correlated with a low abundance of Oscillospirales. Our findings will contribute to uncovering the potential link between the gut microbiota and neuroticism, and the elucidation of the correlations of the microbiome\u2013gut\u2013brain axis with behavioral changes and psychiatric cases in the general population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm11121246","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T01:43:22Z","timestamp":1638323002000},"page":"1246","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Correlation between Gut Microbiota and Six Facets of Neuroticism in Korean Adults"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4023-7198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eunkyo","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07804, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyung Eun","family":"Yun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 04514, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1828-0955","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mi-Hyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 04514, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jimin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 04514, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6945-9050","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoosoo","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 04514, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 03181, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06355, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seungho","family":"Ryu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 04514, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 03181, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06355, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3260-8884","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyung-Lae","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07804, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7053-7469","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Han-Na","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06355, Korea"},{"name":"Medical Research Institute, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 03181, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3174-8965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sung-Chul","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07804, Korea"},{"name":"Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07804, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1007\/s10865-013-9548-z","article-title":"Personality traits as risk factors for stroke and coronary heart disease mortality: Pooled analysis of three cohort studies","volume":"37","author":"Jokela","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Behav. Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1177\/1529100610387081","article-title":"Intelligence and personality as predictors of illness and death: How researchers in differential psychology and chronic disease epidemiology are collaborating to understand and address health inequalities","volume":"11","author":"Deary","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychol. Sci. Public Interest"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.126.1.3","article-title":"The rank-order consistency of personality traits from childhood to old age: A quantitative review of longitudinal studies","volume":"126","author":"Roberts","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4001367","article-title":"Genetics of personality: Are we making progress?","volume":"8","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2085","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000264930.97061.82","article-title":"Chronic distress and incidence of mild cognitive impairment","volume":"68","author":"Wilson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1037\/a0015309","article-title":"Public health significance of neuroticism","volume":"64","author":"Lahey","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1016\/0191-8869(92)90236-I","article-title":"Four ways five factors are basic","volume":"13","author":"Costa","year":"1992","journal-title":"Personal. Individ. Differ."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9280.2008.02068.x","article-title":"Happiness is a personal(ity) thing: The genetics of personality and well-being in a representative sample","volume":"19","author":"Weiss","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1002\/per.496","article-title":"Broad versus narrow personality measures and the prediction of behaviour across cultures","volume":"17","author":"Paunonen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pers."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Terracciano, A., L\u00f6ckenhoff, C., Crum, R.M., Bienvenu, J., and Costa, P.T. (2008). Five-Factor Model personality profiles of drug users. BMC Psychiatry, 8.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-8-22"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2009.35","article-title":"Principles and clinical implications of the brain\u2013gut\u2013enteric microbiota axis","volume":"6","author":"Rhee","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.3389\/fnint.2018.00033","article-title":"Gut-brain psychology: Rethinking psychology from the microbiota\u2013gut\u2013brain axis","volume":"12","author":"Liang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Integr. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2017.12.012","article-title":"Correlation between gut microbiota and personality in adults: A cross-sectional study","volume":"69","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100069","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humic.2019.100069","article-title":"Gut microbiome composition and diversity are related to human personality traits","volume":"15","author":"Johnson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hum. Microbiome J."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-019-0380-x","article-title":"The gut microbiome regulates the increases in depressive-type behaviors and in inflammatory processes in the ventral hippocampus of stress vulnerable rats","volume":"25","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.00473","article-title":"Association Between Gut Microbiota and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"10","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-018-0337-x","article-title":"The neuroactive potential of the human gut microbiota in quality of life and depression","volume":"4","author":"Falony","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.clinpsy.1.102803.143938","article-title":"Stress and depression","volume":"1","author":"Hammen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2009.83","article-title":"The Neurocircuitry of Fear, Stress, and Anxiety Disorders","volume":"35","author":"Shin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2013.04.060","article-title":"Inflammatory cytokines in depression: Neurobiological mechanisms and therapeutic implications","volume":"246","author":"Felger","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-011-0232-0","article-title":"Is Depression an Inflammatory Disorder?","volume":"13","author":"Raison","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. Psychiatry Rep."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1160","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2017.122","article-title":"Inflammation and vascular remodeling in the ventral hippocampus contributes to vulnerability to stress","volume":"7","author":"Eacret","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.06.030","article-title":"Genome-Wide Association Scan of Trait Depression","volume":"68","author":"Terracciano","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/2049-2618-2-6","article-title":"An improved dual-indexing approach for multiplexed 16S rRNA gene sequencing on the Illumina MiSeq platform","volume":"2","author":"Fadrosh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5112","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01043-13","article-title":"Development of a Dual-Index Sequencing Strategy and Curation Pipeline for Analyzing Amplicon Sequence Data on the MiSeq Illumina Sequencing Platform","volume":"79","author":"Kozich","year":"2013","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.3869","article-title":"DADA2: High-resolution sample inference from Illumina amplicon data","volume":"13","author":"Callahan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hall, M., and Beiko, R.G. (2018). 16S rRNA Gene Analysis with QIIME2. Microbiome Analysis, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-8728-3_8"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-019-0209-9","article-title":"Reproducible, interactive, scalable and extensible microbiome data science using QIIME 2","volume":"37","author":"Bolyen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"443","article-title":"Standardization of the Korean version of the Revised NEO Personality Inventory","volume":"9","author":"Ahn","year":"1997","journal-title":"Korean J. Couns. Psychother."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1177\/117693430600200007","article-title":"Phylogenetic Diversity (PD) and Biodiversity Conservation: Some Bioinformatics Challenges","volume":"2","author":"Faith","year":"2006","journal-title":"Evol. Bioinform."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2010.133","article-title":"UniFrac: An effective distance metric for microbial community comparison","volume":"5","author":"Lozupone","year":"2011","journal-title":"ISME J."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.2307\/1942268","article-title":"An Ordination of the Upland Forest Communities of Southern Wisconsin","volume":"27","author":"Bray","year":"1957","journal-title":"Ecol. Monogr."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R79","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2012-13-9-r79","article-title":"Dysfunction of the intestinal microbiome in inflammatory bowel disease and treatment","volume":"13","author":"Morgan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R60","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2011-12-6-r60","article-title":"Metagenomic biomarker discovery and explanation","volume":"12","author":"Segata","year":"2011","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Douglas, G.M., Maffei, V.J., Zaneveld, J., Yurgel, S.N., Brown, J.R., Taylor, C.M., Huttenhower, C., and Langille, M.G. (2020). PICRUSt2: An improved and customizable approach for metagenome inference. bioRxiv, 672295.","DOI":"10.1101\/672295"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3123","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu494","article-title":"STAMP: Statistical analysis of taxonomic and functional profiles","volume":"30","author":"Parks","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ynstr.2016.03.001","article-title":"The microbiome: A key regulator of stress and neuroinflammation","volume":"4","author":"Rea","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Stress"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-017-0945-7","article-title":"Food matters: How the microbiome and gut\u2013brain interaction might impact the development and course of anorexia nervosa","volume":"26","author":"Seitz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2015.1035855","article-title":"Autism spectrum disorders and intestinal microbiota","volume":"6","author":"Francavilla","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100772","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2019.100772","article-title":"Stress-induced disturbances along the gut microbiota-immune-brain axis and implications for mental health: Does sex matter?","volume":"54","author":"Audet","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Neuroendocr."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2018.07.007","article-title":"Microbiota affects the expression of genes involved in HPA axis regulation and local metabolism of glucocorticoids in chronic psychosocial stress","volume":"73","author":"Ergang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aau9973","article-title":"A gut feeling","volume":"361","author":"Hoffman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2018.04.001","article-title":"Linking the Gut Microbiota to a Brain Neurotransmitter","volume":"41","author":"Jameson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2014.07.027","article-title":"Serotonin, tryptophan metabolism and the brain-gut-microbiome axis","volume":"277","author":"Mahony","year":"2015","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2015.04.002","article-title":"Gut-Microbiota-Brain Axis and Its Effect on Neuropsychiatric Disorders with Suspected Immune Dysregulation","volume":"37","author":"Petra","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Ther."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1770015","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201770015","article-title":"Gut Microbiota, Diet and Health. (We and our gut microbes)","volume":"61","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. Food Res."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2018.07.007","article-title":"Altered gut microbiota profile in patients with generalized anxiety disorder","volume":"104","author":"Jiang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2018.04.002","article-title":"Glyphosate based- herbicide exposure affects gut microbiota, anxiety and depression-like behaviors in mice","volume":"67","author":"Bali","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurotoxicol. Teratol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3999(03)00019-9","article-title":"Prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome among university students: The roles of worry, neuroticism, anxiety sensitivity and visceral anxiety","volume":"55","author":"Craske","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Psychosom. Res."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741-e576","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12155","article-title":"Abdominal pain is associated with anxiety and depression scores in a sample of the general adult population with no signs of organic gastrointestinal disease","volume":"25","author":"Walter","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol. Motil."},{"key":"ref_51","first-page":"3225","article-title":"The microbiota-gut-brain axis as a key regulator of neural function and the stress response: Implications for human and animal health","volume":"95","author":"Wiley","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2016.12.019","article-title":"Individual differences in stress vulnerability: The role of gut pathobionts in stress-induced colitis","volume":"64","author":"Langgartner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2017.06.009","article-title":"Implications of the gut microbiota in vulnerability to the social avoidance effects of chronic social defeat in male mice","volume":"66","author":"Szyszkowicz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12548","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.12548","article-title":"Steroids, stress and the gut microbiome-brain axis","volume":"30","author":"Tetel","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neuroendocr."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1515\/revneuro-2017-0072","article-title":"Gut microbiome and depression: What we know and what we need to know","volume":"29","author":"Winter","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2017.00220","article-title":"Shifts in the Gut Microbiota Composition Due to Depleted Bone Marrow Beta Adrenergic Signaling Are Associated with Suppressed Inflammatory Transcriptional Networks in the Mouse Colon","volume":"8","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2016.75","article-title":"Mechanisms of inflammation-driven bacterial dysbiosis in the gut","volume":"10","author":"Zeng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Galley, J.D., Nelson, M.C., Yu, Z., Dowd, S., Walter, J., Kumar, P.S., Lyte, M., and Bailey, M.T. (2014). Exposure to a social stressor disrupts the community structure of the colonic mucosa-associated microbiota. BMC Microbiol., 14.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-14-189"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2018.02.005","article-title":"Acute and repeated exposure to social stress reduces gut microbiota diversity in Syrian hamsters","volume":"345","author":"Partrick","year":"2018","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2016.02.015","article-title":"Oscillospira: A Central, Enigmatic Component of the Human Gut Microbiota","volume":"24","author":"Konikoff","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.116.240481","article-title":"Microbiota-gut-brain axis: Modulator of host metabolism and appetite","volume":"147","author":"Schellekens","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4432","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-016-0004-2","article-title":"The Role of the Microbial Metabolites Including Tryptophan Catabolites and Short Chain Fatty Acids in the Pathophysiology of Immune-Inflammatory and Neuroimmune Disease","volume":"54","author":"Morris","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rinninella, E., Raoul, P., Cintoni, M., Franceschi, F., Miggiano, G.A.D., Gasbarrini, A., and Mele, M.C. (2019). What is the healthy gut microbiota composition? A changing ecosystem across age, environment, diet, and diseases. Microorganisms, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms7010014"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2010.10.023","article-title":"Exposure to a social stressor alters the structure of the intestinal microbiota: Implications for stress-or-induced immunomodulation","volume":"25","author":"Bailey","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."}],"container-title":["Journal of Personalized Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4426\/11\/12\/1246\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T07:35:00Z","timestamp":1760168100000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4426\/11\/12\/1246"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,24]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["jpm11121246"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jpm11121246","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-4426"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2075-4426","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,24]]}}}