{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T05:29:17Z","timestamp":1778822957767,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,16]],"date-time":"2021-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639612800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003196","name":"Ministero della Salute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CO-2016-02364645"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CO-2016-02364645"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The study aims to create a preoperative model from baseline demographic and health-related quality of life scores (HRQOL) to predict a good to excellent early clinical outcome using a machine learning (ML) approach. A single spine surgery center retrospective review of prospectively collected data from January 2016 to December 2020 from the institutional registry (SpineREG) was performed. The inclusion criteria were age \u2265 18 years, both sexes, lumbar arthrodesis procedure, a complete follow up assessment (Oswestry Disability Index\u2014ODI, SF-36 and COMI back) and the capability to read and understand the Italian language. A delta of improvement of the ODI higher than 12.7\/100 was considered a \u201cgood early outcome\u201d. A combined target model of ODI (\u0394 \u2265 12.7\/100), SF-36 PCS (\u0394 \u2265 6\/100) and COMI back (\u0394 \u2265 2.2\/10) was considered an \u201cexcellent early outcome\u201d. The performance of the ML models was evaluated in terms of sensitivity, i.e., True Positive Rate (TPR), specificity, i.e., True Negative Rate (TNR), accuracy and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC ROC). A total of 1243 patients were included in this study. The model for predicting ODI at 6 months\u2019 follow up showed a good balance between sensitivity (74.3%) and specificity (79.4%), while providing a good accuracy (75.8%) with ROC AUC = 0.842. The combined target model showed a sensitivity of 74.2% and specificity of 71.8%, with an accuracy of 72.8%, and an ROC AUC = 0.808. The results of our study suggest that a machine learning approach showed high performance in predicting early good to excellent clinical results.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm11121377","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,16]],"date-time":"2021-12-16T11:27:36Z","timestamp":1639654056000},"page":"1377","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The Influence of Baseline Clinical Status and Surgical Strategy on Early Good to Excellent Result in Spinal Lumbar Arthrodesis: A Machine Learning Approach"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Pedro","family":"Berjano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8639-8480","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Langella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Ventriglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Dalle Molle di Studi sull\u2019Intelligenza Artificiale (IDSIA), USI-SUPSI, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Domenico","family":"Compagnone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Barletta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Huber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Dalle Molle di Studi sull\u2019Intelligenza Artificiale (IDSIA), USI-SUPSI, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Mangili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Dalle Molle di Studi sull\u2019Intelligenza Artificiale (IDSIA), USI-SUPSI, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ginevra","family":"Licandro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Dalle Molle di Studi sull\u2019Intelligenza Artificiale (IDSIA), USI-SUPSI, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1826-9190","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabio","family":"Galbusera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Cina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tito","family":"Bassani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudio","family":"Lamartina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6570-121X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Scaramuzzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Bassani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8608-0114","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Brayda-Bruno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3239-7626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge Hugo","family":"Villafa\u00f1e","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, 20161 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8915-2515","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Monti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopedics and 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