{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T18:52:16Z","timestamp":1793040736129,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":133,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,23]],"date-time":"2021-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640217600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Italian Ministry of Health \u201cRicerca Finalizzata 2018\u201d","award":["-"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["-"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers excellent spatial and contrast resolution for evaluating a wide variety of pathologies, without exposing patients to ionizing radiations. Additionally, MRI offers reproducible diagnostic imaging results that are not operator-dependent, a major advantage over ultrasound. MRI is commonly used in pregnant women to evaluate, most frequently, acute abdominal and pelvic pain or placental abnormalities, as well as neurological or fetal abnormalities, infections, or neoplasms. However, to date, our knowledge about MRI safety during pregnancy, especially about the administration of gadolinium-based contrast agents, which are able to cross the placental barrier, is still limited, raising concerns about possible negative effects on both the mother and the health of the fetus. Contrast agents that are unable to cross the placenta in a way that is safe for the fetus are desirable. In recent years, some preclinical studies, carried out in rodent models, have evaluated the role of long circulating liposomal nanoparticle-based blood-pool gadolinium contrast agents that do not penetrate the placental barrier due to their size and therefore do not expose the fetus to the contrast agent during pregnancy, preserving it from any hypothetical risks. Hence, we performed a literature review focusing on contrast and non-contrast MRI use during pregnancy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm12010009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,23]],"date-time":"2021-12-23T10:16:18Z","timestamp":1640254578000},"page":"9","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["MRI in Pregnancy and Precision Medicine: A Review from Literature"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Gianluca","family":"Gatta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Radiology and Radiotherapy, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Graziella","family":"Di Grezia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology Department, G. Criscuoli Hospital, 83054 Sant\u2019Angelo dei Lombardi, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0474-7163","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Cuccurullo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5099-3790","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Celestino","family":"Sardu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Iovino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medical Science, School of Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosita","family":"Comune","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Radiology and Radiotherapy, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4658-7391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angelo","family":"Ruggiero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Pharmaceutical Use and Dermatology, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marilena","family":"Chirico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3902-4523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniele","family":"La Forgia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Breast Radiology, Giovanni Paolo II\/I.R.C.C.S. 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