{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T13:34:58Z","timestamp":1781530498129,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,2]],"date-time":"2022-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641081600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease that may benefit from device-assisted therapy can be identified with guidelines like Navigate PD. The decision to offer advanced treatment and the choice of treatment modality are, however, not straightforward, and some patients respond less favorably to a chosen therapy. Measurements with the Parkinson Kinetigraph (PKG) can detect motor fluctuations and could therefore predict patients that respond better or worse to intestinal levodopa\/carbidopa gel infusion (LCIG). In a retrospective analysis of 45 patients that had been selected to start LCIG between 2014 and 2020, the effects of baseline PKG and clinical characteristic on the outcome were determined with ordinal regression. Although all patients had been found to have handicapping medication-related symptom fluctuations, patients without clear objective off fluctuations in the baseline PKG had low odds ratio for success. Lower odds for success were also found with increasing age, whereas gender, medication intensity and baseline PKG summary scores (median bradykinesia and dyskinesia scores, fluctuation dyskinesia score and percent time with tremor) had no significant effect. Absence of easily identified off-periods in the PKG has a negative prognostic value for the effect of LCIG and could prompt noninvasive infusion evaluation before surgery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm12010027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,7]],"date-time":"2022-01-07T01:14:02Z","timestamp":1641518042000},"page":"27","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Predictive Value of Ambulatory Objective Movement Measurement for Outcomes of Levodopa\/Carbidopa Intestinal Gel Infusion"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"G\u00f6k\u00e7e","family":"Kilin\u00e7alp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 413 45 G\u00f6teborg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne-Christine","family":"Sj\u00f6str\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 413 45 G\u00f6teborg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbro","family":"Eriksson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 413 45 G\u00f6teborg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bj\u00f6rn","family":"Holmberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 413 45 G\u00f6teborg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Radu","family":"Constantinescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 413 45 G\u00f6teborg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3437-0267","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filip","family":"Bergquist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 413 45 G\u00f6teborg, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 G\u00f6teborg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26082","article-title":"Levodopa therapy for Parkinson\u2019s disease: Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics","volume":"30","author":"LeWitt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(13)70293-X","article-title":"LCIG Horizon Study Group Continuous intrajejunal infusion of levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel for patients with advanced Parkinson\u2019s disease: A randomised, controlled, double-blind, double-dummy study","volume":"13","author":"Olanow","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2012.03679.x","article-title":"Levodopa\/carbidopa intestinal gel infusion long-term therapy in advanced Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"19","author":"Nyholm","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2020.10.042","article-title":"Parkinson\u2019s disease advanced therapies\u2014A systematic review: More unanswered questions than guidance","volume":"83","author":"Marsili","year":"2021","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disord."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27626","article-title":"EUROPAR and the International Parkinson and Movement Disorders Society Non-Motor Parkinson\u2019s Disease Study Group EuroInf 2: Subthalamic stimulation, apomorphine, and levodopa infusion in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"34","author":"Dafsari","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2015.07.020","article-title":"National Steering Committees Collective physician perspectives on non-oral medication approaches for the management of clinically relevant unresolved issues in Parkinson\u2019s disease: Consensus from an international survey and discussion program","volume":"21","author":"Odin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disord."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2063","DOI":"10.1080\/03007995.2018.1502165","article-title":"Developing consensus among movement disorder specialists on clinical indicators for identification and management of advanced Parkinson\u2019s disease: A multi-country Delphi-panel approach","volume":"34","author":"Antonini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Res. Opin."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00737","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.737","article-title":"Problems related to levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel treatment in advanced Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"7","author":"Udd","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain Behav."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26149","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus: All that glitters isn\u2019t gold?","volume":"30","author":"Galati","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2017.02.020","article-title":"Which patients discontinue? Issues on Levodopa\/carbidopa intestinal gel treatment: Italian multicentre survey of 905 patients with long-term follow-up","volume":"38","author":"Sensi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disord."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-2012-11071","article-title":"Automated assessment of bradykinesia and dyskinesia in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"2","author":"Griffiths","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Parkinson\u2019s Dis."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2017.09.031","article-title":"A \u201cHOLTER\u201d for Parkinson\u2019s disease: Validation of the ability to detect on-off states using the REMPARK system","volume":"59","author":"Prats","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2014.02.022","article-title":"Clinician versus machine: Reliability and responsiveness of motor endpoints in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"20","author":"Heldman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disord."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2015.01.018","article-title":"Motion sensor strategies for automated optimization of deep brain stimulation in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"21","author":"Pulliam","year":"2015","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disord."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-018-0046-4","article-title":"Objective measurement in routine care of people with Parkinson\u2019s disease improves outcomes","volume":"4","author":"Farzanehfar","year":"2018","journal-title":"NPJ Parkinsons Dis."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-020-00136-9","article-title":"Treat to Target Study Group A blinded, controlled trial of objective measurement in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"6","author":"Woodrow","year":"2020","journal-title":"NPJ Parkinsons Dis."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khodakarami, H., Farzanehfar, P., and Horne, M. (2019). The Use of Data from the Parkinson\u2019s KinetiGraph to Identify Potential Candidates for Device Assisted Therapies. Sensors, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/s19102241"},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"S356","article-title":"West Sweden Parkinson Objective Measurement Registry Study (WestPORTS)","volume":"33","author":"Bergquist","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610296002645","article-title":"Clinical global impressions in Alzheimer\u2019s clinical trials","volume":"8","author":"Schneider","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int. Psychogeriatr."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26123","article-title":"Levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel in advanced Parkinson\u2019s disease: Final 12-month, open-label results","volume":"30","author":"Fernandez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e159","DOI":"10.1038\/ctg.2016.19","article-title":"Long-Term PEG-J Tube Safety in Patients With Advanced Parkinson\u2019s Disease","volume":"7","author":"Epstein","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Transl. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000149637.70961.4C","article-title":"Duodenal levodopa infusion monotherapy vs. oral polypharmacy in advanced Parkinson disease","volume":"64","author":"Nyholm","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2017.09.018","article-title":"GLORIA study co-investigators Levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel in advanced Parkinson\u2019s: Final results of the GLORIA registry","volume":"45","author":"Antonini","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disord."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.00419","article-title":"Predictors of Response for \u201cOff\u201d Time Improvement with Levodopa-Carbidopa Intestinal Gel Treatment: An Analysis of the GLORIA Registry","volume":"11","author":"Poewe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01757","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.1757","article-title":"LCIG in treatment of non-motor symptoms in advanced Parkinson\u2019s disease: Review of literature","volume":"10","author":"Kamel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Behav."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-160830","article-title":"Wearable sensors for advanced therapy referral in parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"6","author":"Heldman","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Parkinson\u2019s Dis."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.12807","article-title":"Individualization of levodopa treatment using a microtablet dispenser and ambulatory accelerometry","volume":"24","author":"Johansson","year":"2018","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci. Ther."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1186\/s12984-021-00905-4","article-title":"A method for measuring time spent in bradykinesia and dyskinesia in people with Parkinson\u2019s disease using an ambulatory monitor","volume":"18","author":"Khodakarami","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neuroeng. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ossig, C., Gandor, F., Fauser, M., Bosredon, C., Churilov, L., Reichmann, H., Horne, M.K., Ebersbach, G., and Storch, A. (2016). Correlation of Quantitative Motor State Assessment Using a Kinetograph and Patient Diaries in Advanced PD: Data from an Observational Study. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0161559"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1728","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-020-10356-x","article-title":"Levodopa-carbidopa intrajejunal infusion in Parkinson\u2019s disease: Untangling the role of age","volume":"268","author":"Morgante","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neurol."}],"container-title":["Journal of Personalized Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4426\/12\/1\/27\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T13:59:54Z","timestamp":1760363994000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4426\/12\/1\/27"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,2]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]}},"alternative-id":["jpm12010027"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jpm12010027","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-4426"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2075-4426","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,2]]}}}