{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T11:06:53Z","timestamp":1776078413639,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,3]],"date-time":"2022-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641168000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a common type of inflammatory arthritis found in up to 40% of patients with psoriasis. Although early diagnosis is important for reducing the risk of irreversible structural damage, there are no adequate screening tools for this purpose, and there are no clear markers of predisposition to the disease. Much evidence indicates that PsA disorder is complex and heterogeneous, where genetic and environmental factors converge to trigger inflammatory events and the development of the disease. Nevertheless, the etiologic events that underlie PsA are complex and not completely understood. In this review, we describe the existing data in PsA in order to highlight the need for further research in this disease to progress in the knowledge of its pathobiology and to obtain early diagnosis tools for these patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm12010035","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,7]],"date-time":"2022-01-07T01:14:02Z","timestamp":1641518042000},"page":"35","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Advances of Genomic Medicine in Psoriatic Arthritis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Carlos M.","family":"Laborde","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dreamgenics, 33010 Oviedo, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leyre","family":"Larzabal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dreamgenics, 33010 Oviedo, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u00c1lvaro","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Cantero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Ctra. Pozuelo-Majadahonda, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarc\u00f3n, 28034 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Castro-Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology, Centro de Investigaciones Biom\u00e9dicas (CINBIO), Universidad de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"D\u00edaz-Pe\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Chile, Talca 3460000, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2285","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30949-8","article-title":"Clinical Management of Psoriatic Arthritis","volume":"391","author":"Coates","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/0049-0172(73)90035-8","article-title":"Psoriatic Arthritis","volume":"3","author":"Moll","year":"1973","journal-title":"Semin. Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2665","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21972","article-title":"CASPAR Study Group Classification Criteria for Psoriatic Arthritis: Development of New Criteria from a Large International Study","volume":"54","author":"Taylor","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251.e19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.06.027","article-title":"Prevalence of Psoriatic Arthritis in Patients with Psoriasis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational and Clinical Studies","volume":"80","author":"Alinaghi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Derm."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2006.07.006","article-title":"Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis: Clinical Features and Disease Mechanisms","volume":"24","author":"Myers","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. Derm."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2015.07.006","article-title":"Etiology and Pathogenesis of Psoriatic Arthritis","volume":"41","author":"Barnas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rheum. Dis. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662047","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2021.662047","article-title":"The Molecular Pathophysiology of Psoriatic Arthritis-The Complex Interplay Between Genetic Predisposition, Epigenetics Factors, and the Microbiome","volume":"8","author":"Carvalho","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Biosci"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i37","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kez383","article-title":"Treatment Guidelines in Psoriatic Arthritis","volume":"59","author":"Ogdie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Iannone, L.F., Bennardo, L., Palleria, C., Roberti, R., De Sarro, C., Naturale, M.D., Dastoli, S., Donato, L., Manti, A., and Valenti, G. (2020). Safety Profile of Biologic Drugs for Psoriasis in Clinical Practice: An Italian Prospective Pharmacovigilance Study. PLoS ONE, 15.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0241575"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2008.089367","article-title":"Familial Aggregation of Psoriatic Arthritis","volume":"68","author":"Chandran","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1424","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kep243","article-title":"A Strong Heritability of Psoriatic Arthritis over Four Generations\u2014The Reykjavik Psoriatic Arthritis Study","volume":"48","author":"Karason","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101692","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2021.101692","article-title":"The Epidemiology of Psoriatic Arthritis: A Literature Review","volume":"35","author":"Karmacharya","year":"2021","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-genom-091212-153455","article-title":"Major Histocompatibility Complex Genomics and Human Disease","volume":"14","author":"Trowsdale","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Genom. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2017.143","article-title":"HLA Variation and Disease","volume":"18","author":"Dendrou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0000000000000720","article-title":"MHC Class I Associations beyond HLA-B27: The Peptide Binding Hypothesis of Psoriatic Arthritis and Its Implications for Disease Pathogenesis","volume":"32","author":"Winchester","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.16083","article-title":"HLA-Cw6 and Psoriasis","volume":"178","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br. J. Derm."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1002\/art.33415","article-title":"HLA Associations Reveal Genetic Heterogeneity in Psoriatic Arthritis and in the Psoriasis Phenotype","volume":"64","author":"Winchester","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2014.07.002","article-title":"Fine Mapping Major Histocompatibility Complex Associations in Psoriasis and Its Clinical Subtypes","volume":"95","author":"Okada","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1774","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2017-211414","article-title":"Cross-Phenotype Association Mapping of the MHC Identifies Genetic Variants That Differentiate Psoriatic Arthritis from Psoriasis","volume":"76","author":"Bowes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7146","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms8146","article-title":"Major Histocompatibility Complex Associations of Ankylosing Spondylitis Are Complex and Involve Further Epistasis with ERAP1","volume":"6","author":"Cortes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-018-0261-x","article-title":"A Scientometric Review of Genome-Wide Association Studies","volume":"2","author":"Mills","year":"2019","journal-title":"Commun. Biol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D\u00edaz-Pe\u00f1a, R., Castro-Santos, P., Dur\u00e1n, J., Santiago, C., and Lucia, A. (2020). The Genetics of Spondyloarthritis. J. Pers. Med., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm10040151"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.13879","article-title":"Psoriatic Arthritis: A Systematic Review of Non-HLA Genetic Studies and Important Signaling Pathways","volume":"23","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, Y., Helms, C., Liao, W., Zaba, L.C., Duan, S., Gardner, J., Wise, C., Miner, A., Malloy, M.J., and Pullinger, C.R. (2008). A Genome-Wide Association Study of Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis Identifies New Disease Loci. PLoS Genet., 4.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1000041"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.688","article-title":"Common Variants at TRAF3IP2 Are Associated with Susceptibility to Psoriatic Arthritis and Psoriasis","volume":"42","author":"Uebe","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2011.415","article-title":"Genome-Wide Meta-Analysis of Psoriatic Arthritis Identifies Susceptibility Locus at REL","volume":"132","author":"Ellinghaus","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Invest. Derm."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2015.10.019","article-title":"Genome-Wide Association Analysis of Psoriatic Arthritis and Cutaneous Psoriasis Reveals Differences in Their Genetic Architecture","volume":"97","author":"Stuart","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6046","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms7046","article-title":"Dense Genotyping of Immune-Related Susceptibility Loci Reveals New Insights into the Genetics of Psoriatic Arthritis","volume":"6","author":"Bowes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"101","article-title":"Promise and Pitfalls of the Immunochip","volume":"13","author":"Brown","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e214158","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2018-214158","article-title":"Genetic Variation at the Glycosaminoglycan Metabolism Pathway Contributes to the Risk of Psoriatic Arthritis but Not Psoriasis","volume":"78","author":"Aterido","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ket296","article-title":"Killer-Cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptor Gene Polymorphisms and Susceptibility to Psoriatic Arthritis","volume":"53","author":"Chandran","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hanson, A.L., International Genetics of Ankylosing Spondylitis Consortium, Vukcevic, D., Leslie, S., Harris, J., L\u00ea Cao, K.-A., Kenna, T.J., and Brown, M.A. (2020). Epistatic Interactions between Killer Immunoglobulin-like Receptors and Human Leukocyte Antigen Ligands Are Associated with Ankylosing Spondylitis. PLoS Genet., 16.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1008906"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1882","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2014-207187","article-title":"PTPN22 Is Associated with Susceptibility to Psoriatic Arthritis but Not Psoriasis: Evidence for a Further PsA-Specific Risk Locus","volume":"74","author":"Bowes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaay1548","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aay1548","article-title":"Using Genetics to Prioritize Diagnoses for Rheumatology Outpatients with Inflammatory Arthritis","volume":"12","author":"Knevel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4178","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-06672-6","article-title":"Genetic Signature to Provide Robust Risk Assessment of Psoriatic Arthritis Development in Psoriasis Patients","volume":"9","author":"Patrick","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2021.101691","article-title":"Clinical and Molecular Significance of Genetic Loci Associated with Psoriatic Arthritis","volume":"35","author":"Rahman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.111.131912","article-title":"Environment-Sensitive Epigenetics and the Heritability of Complex Diseases","volume":"189","author":"Furrow","year":"2011","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-15-3449-2_1","article-title":"Epigenetics in Health and Disease","volume":"1253","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.apcsb.2016.09.003","article-title":"Epigenetic Changes in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases","volume":"106","author":"Fogel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Protein Chem. Struct. Biol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2011.10646.x","article-title":"Abnormal Epigenetic Modifications in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from Patients with Alopecia Areata","volume":"166","author":"Zhao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br. J. Derm."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1080\/09546634.2018.1473550","article-title":"Epigenetic Therapy and Dermatologic Disease: Moving beyond CTCL","volume":"30","author":"Mervis","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Dermatol. Treat."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2007.078428","article-title":"On the Heritability of Psoriatic Arthritis. Disease Concordance among Monozygotic and Dizygotic Twins","volume":"67","author":"Pedersen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.1998.00213.x","article-title":"Genetics of Psoriasis: Paternal Inheritance and a Locus on Chromosome 6p","volume":"110","author":"Burden","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Invest. Derm."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199906)42:6<1228::AID-ANR20>3.0.CO;2-3","article-title":"Excessive Paternal Transmission in Psoriatic Arthritis","volume":"42","author":"Rahman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1586","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.22625","article-title":"Further Evidence Supporting a Parent-of-Origin Effect in Psoriatic Disease","volume":"67","author":"Pollock","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res."},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"45","article-title":"Epimutations in Human Disease","volume":"310","author":"Horsthemke","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tig.2014.08.005","article-title":"On the Meaning of the Word \u201cEpimutation\u201d","volume":"30","author":"Oey","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trends Genet."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2143(96)90008-6","article-title":"DNA Hypomethylation in Inflammatory Arthritis: Reversal with Methotrexate","volume":"128","author":"Kim","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Lab. Clin. Med."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2010.07.011","article-title":"Abnormal DNA Methylation in Skin Lesions and PBMCs of Patients with Psoriasis Vulgaris","volume":"60","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Derm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2013.01.005","article-title":"Impaired DNA Methylation and Its Mechanisms in CD4+T Cells of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus","volume":"41","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Autoimmun."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-015-0748-5","article-title":"Assessment of Global DNA Methylation in Peripheral Blood Cell Subpopulations of Early Rheumatoid Arthritis before and after Methotrexate","volume":"17","author":"Calaza","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arthritis Res."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pollock, R.A., Zaman, L., Chandran, V., and Gladman, D.D. (2019). Epigenome-Wide Analysis of Sperm Cells Identifies IL22 as a Possible Germ Line Risk Locus for Psoriatic Arthritis. PLoS ONE, 14.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0212043"},{"key":"ref_53","first-page":"856","article-title":"Epigenetic Studies in Maternally versus Paternally Transmitted Psoriatic Disease","volume":"73","author":"Pollock","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.13790","article-title":"Histone Modifications Associated with Biological Drug Response in Moderate-to-Severe Psoriasis","volume":"27","author":"Reolid","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp. Derm."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Orecchia, A., Scarponi, C., Di Felice, F., Cesarini, E., Avitabile, S., Mai, A., Mauro, M.L., Sirri, V., Zambruno, G., and Albanesi, C. (2011). Sirtinol Treatment Reduces Inflammation in Human Dermal Microvascular Endothelial Cells. PLoS ONE, 6.","DOI":"10.1371\/annotation\/0174b439-c62b-42e8-a420-3defbfe5c8e9"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin, S.-H., Ho, J.-C., Li, S.-C., Chen, J.-F., Hsiao, C.-C., and Lee, C.-H. (2019). MiR-146a-5p Expression in Peripheral CD14+ Monocytes from Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis Induces Osteoclast Activation, Bone Resorption, and Correlates with Clinical Response. J. Clin. Med., 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8010110"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin, S.-H., Ho, J.-C., Li, S.-C., Cheng, Y.-W., Yang, Y.-C., Chen, J.-F., Hsu, C.-Y., Nakano, T., Wang, F.-S., and Yang, M.-Y. (2020). Upregulation of MiR-941 in Circulating CD14+ Monocytes Enhances Osteoclast Activation via WNT16 Inhibition in Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21124301"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7305380","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/7305380","article-title":"MicroRNA Expression Profiling in Psoriatic Arthritis","volume":"2018","author":"Pelosi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2011.07.005","article-title":"Epigenetic Mechanisms in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Other Autoimmune Diseases","volume":"17","author":"Hedrich","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trends Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm3890","article-title":"Histone Core Modifications Regulating Nucleosome Structure and Dynamics","volume":"15","author":"Tessarz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2017.11.001","article-title":"Nuclear Sirtuins and Inflammatory Signaling Pathways","volume":"38","author":"Mendes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hu, Q., Sun, Y., Li, Y., Shi, H., Teng, J., Liu, H., Cheng, X., Ye, J., Su, Y., and Yin, Y. (2018). Anti-SIRT1 Autoantibody Is Elevated in Ankylosing Spondylitis: A Potential Disease Biomarker. BMC Immunol., 19.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12865-018-0280-x"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5451","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.27486","article-title":"An Overview of MicroRNAs: Biology, Functions, Therapeutics, and Analysis Methods","volume":"234","author":"Saliminejad","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2018.06.034","article-title":"The Biogenesis, Functions, and Challenges of Circular RNAs","volume":"71","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fernandes, J.C.R., Acu\u00f1a, S.M., Aoki, J.I., Floeter-Winter, L.M., and Muxel, S.M. (2019). Long Non-Coding RNAs in the Regulation of Gene Expression: Physiology and Disease. Noncoding RNA, 5.","DOI":"10.3390\/ncrna5010017"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-200070","article-title":"Non-Coding RNAs Based Molecular Links in Type 2 Diabetes, Ischemic Stroke, and Vascular Dementia","volume":"75","author":"Vijayan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Alzheimer\u2019s Dis."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.202048690","article-title":"TLR7 Endogenous Ligands Remodel Glycolytic Macrophages and Trigger Skin-to-Joint Crosstalk in Psoriatic Arthritis","volume":"51","author":"Umar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1760","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.190602","article-title":"Serum MicroRNA Signature as a Diagnostic and Therapeutic Marker in Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis","volume":"47","author":"Wade","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg2484","article-title":"RNA-Seq: A Revolutionary Tool for Transcriptomics","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.2119\/2006-00003.Gulko","article-title":"Microarray Analyses of Peripheral Blood Cells Identifies Unique Gene Expression Signature in Psoriatic Arthritis","volume":"11","author":"Batliwalla","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gene.6364334","article-title":"A Distinct Inflammatory Gene Expression Profile in Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis","volume":"7","author":"Stoeckman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Genes Immun."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dolcino, M., Ottria, A., Barbieri, A., Patuzzo, G., Tinazzi, E., Argentino, G., Beri, R., Lunardi, C., and Puccetti, A. (2015). Gene Expression Profiling in Peripheral Blood Cells and Synovial Membranes of Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0128262"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38995","article-title":"Comparative Genomic Profiling of Synovium versus Skin Lesions in Psoriatic Arthritis","volume":"67","author":"Belasco","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4767","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-18513-6","article-title":"Single-Cell Sequencing Reveals Clonal Expansions of pro-Inflammatory Synovial CD8 T Cells Expressing Tissue-Homing Receptors in Psoriatic Arthritis","volume":"11","author":"Penkava","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1245316","article-title":"Single-Cell RNA-Seq Reveals Dynamic, Random Monoallelic Gene Expression in Mammalian Cells","volume":"343","author":"Deng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1247651","article-title":"Massively Parallel Single-Cell RNA-Seq for Marker-Free Decomposition of Tissues into Cell Types","volume":"343","author":"Jaitin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1042\/EBC20170053","article-title":"The Genetic Basis of Disease","volume":"62","author":"Jackson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Essays Biochem."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1177932219899051","DOI":"10.1177\/1177932219899051","article-title":"Multi-Omics Data Integration, Interpretation, and Its Application","volume":"14","author":"Subramanian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bioinform. Biol. Insights"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.03.022","article-title":"How Machine Learning Will Transform Biomedicine","volume":"181","author":"Goecks","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6679512","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6679512","article-title":"Involvement of Machine Learning Tools in Healthcare Decision Making","volume":"2021","author":"Jayatilake","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Healthc. Eng."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmir.2019.09.005","article-title":"Machine Learning and Deep Learning in Medical Imaging: Intelligent Imaging","volume":"50","author":"Currie","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Med. Imaging Radiat. Sci."}],"container-title":["Journal of Personalized Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4426\/12\/1\/35\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T14:12:33Z","timestamp":1760364753000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4426\/12\/1\/35"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,3]]},"references-count":81,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]}},"alternative-id":["jpm12010035"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jpm12010035","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-4426"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2075-4426","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,3]]}}}