{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T14:48:54Z","timestamp":1790088534447,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,7]],"date-time":"2022-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641513600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) the exposure of very high LDL-C concentration and cumulative LDL-C level (cum LDL-C) can play a significant role in the prognosis. Objective: to analyze the contribution of \u201ccum LDL-C for all life\u201d and the index \u201ccum LDL-C\/age\u201d to the development of coronary heart disease (CHD), myocardial infarction (MI), and a combined end point: MI, stroke, unstable angina in FH patients. Methods: 188 patients (mean age 49.2 years, males 45.7%) with FH were examined (Dutch Lipid Clinic Criteria). We had evaluated cumulative LDL-C and index \u201ccum DL-C\/age\u201d along with other classical risk factors. Cum LDL-C was calculated as LDL-Cmax \u00d7 (age at initiating of hypolipidemic therapy) + LDL-C at inclusion age at initiation\/correction therapy). Cumulative LDL-C and \u201ccum LDL-C\/age\u201d were calculated as the ratio cum LDL-C to age. The follow-up period was 5.4 (from 3 to 10) years. Results: The index \u201ccum LDL-C\/age\u201d was higher in patients with CHD 58.7 \u00b1 10.4 mmol\/L\/years vs. 40.1 \u00b1 11.7 mmol\/L\/years in patients without CHD (p &lt; 0.001). According to our data based on the results of the logistic regression analysis in patients with FH, cumulative LDL-C and the cumulative index \u201ccum LDL\u2013C\/age\u201d played a strong predictive role in the development of CHD in FH patients; it was greater than the role of TC and LDL-C concentrations. We present ROC curves for CHD, MI and combined end point in FH patients, and a prognostic scale for CHD development, which is based on classical cardiovascular risk factors. Conclusion: cumulative LDL-C level plays an important role in the development of CHD in FH patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm12010071","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,9]],"date-time":"2022-01-09T23:06:15Z","timestamp":1641769575000},"page":"71","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["The Role of Cumulative LDL Cholesterol in Cardiovascular Disease Development in Patients with Familial Hypercholesterolemia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2231-4695","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victoria","family":"Korneva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty Therapy Department, Petrozavodsk State University, Lenin Avenue, 33, 185000 Petrozavodsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatyana","family":"Kuznetsova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty Therapy Department, Petrozavodsk State University, Lenin Avenue, 33, 185000 Petrozavodsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1584-5693","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ulrich","family":"Julius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lipidology and Lipoprotein Apheresis Center, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(92)93147-F","article-title":"Non-invasive detection of endothelial dysfunction in children and adults at risk of atherosclerosis","volume":"340","author":"Celermajer","year":"1992","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"49","article-title":"Familial hypercholesterolemia","volume":"5","author":"Marais","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. 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