{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T11:18:58Z","timestamp":1781954338553,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]],"date-time":"2022-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643241600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: This is an investigation of the human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and its correlation with the risk of ectopic pregnancy (EP). Methods: The cohort study includes 11,239 patients with newly diagnosed HPV infections between 2000 and 2012, and by using computer-generated random numbers, patients who do not have HPV infections are selected randomly as the comparison cohort. The HPV infection cohort is matched to comparison individuals at a 1:10 ratio by age and index year. All individuals included in the study were followed up to the point they developed EP, pulled-out from the insurance program, lost to follow-up, or until the end of 2013. A Cox proportional-hazards regression analysis was used to analyze the risk of EP with the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) between the HPV and control cohort. Results: The adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of EP for HPV patients relative to controls is 1.70 (95% CI = 1.04, 2.78), indicating a positive correlation between EP and HPV in the 13-year follow-up period, after adjusting for age and relevant comorbidities. The sensitivity analyses yield similar results. Conclusions: A history of HPV infection is a potential risk factor associated with the development of subsequent EP in Taiwanese individuals, especially those diagnosed with an HPV infection within 3 years.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm12020172","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]],"date-time":"2022-01-27T22:00:56Z","timestamp":1643320856000},"page":"172","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Female Human Papillomavirus Infection Associated with Increased Risk of Ectopic Pregnancy: Early Evidence from Taiwan Population-Based Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2104-3259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Li-Chuan","family":"Hsu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804201, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813414, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting-Yu","family":"Tu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813414, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui-Yuan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402306, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1016-2233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renin","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813414, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4077-3473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hei-Tung","family":"Yip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404332, Taiwan"},{"name":"College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Public Health, National Yangming University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mei-Chia","family":"Chou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Recreation and Sports Management, Tajen University, Pingtung 907101, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung 821004, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Pingtung 912012, Taiwan"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Bioresources, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912301, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1235-0679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James Cheng-Chung","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402306, Taiwan"},{"name":"College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402306, Taiwan"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404333, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kuan-Hao","family":"Tsui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804201, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813414, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jim Jinn-Chyuan","family":"Sheu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804201, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1097\/GRF.0b013e3182516d7b","article-title":"Ectopic Pregnancy","volume":"55","author":"Marion","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. 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