{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T04:37:44Z","timestamp":1782103064863,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,29]],"date-time":"2022-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643414400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010425","name":"Tri-Service General Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TSGH-E-110217 and TSGH-D-111124"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TSGH-E-110217 and TSGH-D-111124"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010425","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: In this study, we aimed to analyze the clinical efficacy of closed-incision negative pressure wound therapy (CiNPWT) when combined with primary closure (PC) in a patient with pressure ulcers, based on one single surgeon\u2019s experience at our medical center. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the data of patients with stage III or IV pressure ulcers who underwent reconstruction surgery. Patient characteristics, including age, sex, cause and location of defect, comorbidities, lesion size, wound reconstruction methods, operation time, debridement times, application of CiNPWT to reconstructed wounds, duration of hospital stay, and wound complications were analyzed. Results: Operation time (38.16 \u00b1 14.02 vs. 84.73 \u00b1 48.55 min) and duration of hospitalization (36.78 \u00b1 26.92 vs. 56.70 \u00b1 58.43 days) were shorter in the PC + CiNPWT group than in the traditional group. The frequency of debridement (2.13 \u00b1 0.98 vs. 2.76 \u00b1 2.20 times) was also lower in the PC + CiNPWT group than in the traditional group. The average reconstructed wound size did not significantly differ between the groups (63.47 \u00b1 42.70 vs. 62.85 \u00b1 49.94 cm2), and there were no significant differences in wound healing (81.25% vs. 75.38%), minor complications (18.75% vs. 21.54%), major complications (0% vs. 3.85%), or mortality (6.25% vs. 10.00%) between the groups. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that PC combined with CiNPWT represents an alternative reconstruction option for patients with pressure ulcers, especially in those for whom prolonged anesthesia is unsuitable.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm12020182","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,30]],"date-time":"2022-01-30T00:12:56Z","timestamp":1643501576000},"page":"182","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Simple and Efficient Pressure Ulcer Reconstruction via Primary Closure Combined with Closed-Incision Negative Pressure Wound Therapy (CiNPWT)\u2014Experience of a Single Surgeon"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6883-1295","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kuo-Feng","family":"Hsu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114202, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114202, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0692-7408","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Li-Ting","family":"Kao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114202, Taiwan"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114202, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6905-7895","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pei-Yi","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114202, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun-Yu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114202, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114202, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Yu","family":"Chou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114202, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114202, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5320-2517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dun-Wei","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114202, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114202, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1482-978X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ting-Hsuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114202, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114202, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheng-Lin","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114202, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114202, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8798-2403","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chien-Wei","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114202, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114202, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7179-0551","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chih-Chun","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114202, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114202, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chih-Hsin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114202, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114202, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niann-Tzyy","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114202, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114202, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shyi-Gen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114202, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114202, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8440-2351","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuan-Sheng","family":"Tzeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114202, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114202, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1097\/00000637-199511000-00008","article-title":"Bilateral gluteus maximus V-Y advancement musculocutaneous flaps for the coverage of large sacral pressure sores: Revisit and refinement","volume":"35","author":"Chen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann. 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