{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T20:45:40Z","timestamp":1788813940240,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,9]],"date-time":"2022-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644364800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>To compare oncological and functional outcomes of high-intensity focused-ultrasound (HIFU) focal therapy (FT) versus laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP) in patients treated for low- or intermediate-risk prostate cancer (PCa), we retrospectively analyzed data of consecutive patients comprising 30 men, who underwent HIFU-FT, and 96 men who underwent LRP, in an academic center. Oncological outcomes were assessed based on the follow-up prostate-specific antigen values. We used the International Index of Erectile Function short form score to assess erectile function (EF). Urinary continence status was defined based on the number of pads used per day. Median follow-up was 12.5 and 19.1 months in the LRP and HIFU-FT groups, respectively. The effects were computed after propensity score matching and expressed as average treatment effect (ATE). Compared to LRP, HIFU-FT was associated with increased risk of treatment failure (ATE 0.103\u20130.164, depending on definition, p &lt; 0.01) and lower risk of urinary incontinence (ATE \u22120.808 at 12 months, p &lt; 0.01). Risk of erectile dysfunction was higher in the LRP group (ATE 5.092, p &lt; 0.01). Our results demonstrate that HIFU-FT may be a reasonable treatment option in selected PCa patients, willing to preserve their EF and urinary continence yet accepting a higher risk of treatment failure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm12020251","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,9]],"date-time":"2022-02-09T21:22:15Z","timestamp":1644441735000},"page":"251","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["High-Intensity Focused-Ultrasound Focal Therapy Versus Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy: A Comparison of Oncological and Functional Outcomes in Low- and Intermediate-Risk Prostate Cancer Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"\u0141ukasz","family":"Nyk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Urology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-809 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wojciech","family":"Michalak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Urology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-809 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stanis\u0142aw","family":"Szempli\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Urology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-809 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9940-3771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafa\u0142","family":"Wo\u017aniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Statistics and Econometrics, Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Warsaw, 00-241 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bart\u0142omiej","family":"Zago\u017cd\u017con","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Urology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-809 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wojciech","family":"Krajewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Urology, University Center of Excellence in Urology, Wroc\u0142aw Medical University, 50-556 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"Kryst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Urology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-809 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hubert","family":"Kamecki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Urology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-809 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7664-9816","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u0142awomir","family":"Poletajew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Urology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-809 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Ferlay, J., Ervik, M., Lam, F., Colombet, M., Mery, L., Pi\u00f1eros, M., Znaor, A., Soerjomataram, I., and Bray, F. (2020). Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today, International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available online: https:\/\/gco.iarc.fr\/today."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"EAU Guidelines (2021). Edn. Presented at the EAU Annual Congress Milan 2021, EAU."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2011.10.044","article-title":"Updated Nomogram Predicting Lymph Node Invasion in Patients with Prostate Cancer Undergoing Extended Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection: The Essential Importance of Percentage of Positive Cores","volume":"61","author":"Briganti","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. Urol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2009.08518.x","article-title":"High-intensity focused ultrasound for prostate cancer: Comparative definitions of biochemical failure","volume":"104","author":"Blana","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br. J. Urol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1038\/s41391-020-0206-6","article-title":"Focal therapy for localized prostate cancer in the era of routine multi-parametric MRI","volume":"23","author":"Connor","year":"2020","journal-title":"Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1038\/s41391-020-00315-y","article-title":"Focal therapy compared to radical prostatectomy for non-metastatic prostate cancer: A propensity score-matched study","volume":"24","author":"Shah","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2018.06.006","article-title":"A Multicentre Study of 5-year Outcomes Following Focal Therapy in Treating Clinically Significant Nonmetastatic Prostate Cancer","volume":"74","author":"Guillaumier","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. Urol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1089\/end.2016.0702","article-title":"Comparing High-Intensity Focal Ultrasound Hemiablation to Robotic Radical Prostatectomy in the Management of Unilateral Prostate Cancer: A Matched-Pair Analysis","volume":"31","author":"Albisinni","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Endourol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1016\/j.purol.2018.07.285","article-title":"Traitement focal par HIFU versus prostatectomie radicale robot-assist\u00e9e pour cancer de la prostate localis\u00e9: R\u00e9sultats carcinologiques et fonctionnels \u00e0 1 an [Focal HIFU vs robot-assisted total prostatectomy: Functionnal and oncologic outcomes at one year]","volume":"28","author":"Arnouil","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prog. Urol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2013.05.048","article-title":"The Role of Focal Therapy in the Management of Localised Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review","volume":"66","author":"Valerio","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. Urol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(12)70121-3","article-title":"Focal therapy for localised unifocal and multifocal prostate cancer: A prospective development study","volume":"13","author":"Ahmed","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2015.06.018","article-title":"Focal High-intensity Focused Ultrasound Targeted Hemiablation for Unilateral Prostate Cancer: A Prospective Evaluation of Oncologic and Functional Outcomes","volume":"69","author":"Feijoo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. Urol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2017.10.029","article-title":"Prospective Outcome Analysis of the Safety and Efficacy of Partial and Complete Cryoablation in Organ-confined Prostate Cancer","volume":"112","author":"Barqawi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2012.03.006","article-title":"Focal Cryotherapy for Clinically Unilateral, Low-Intermediate Risk Prostate Cancer in 73 Men with a Median Follow-Up of 3.7 Years","volume":"62","author":"Bahn","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. Urol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.13983","article-title":"Focal irreversible electroporation as primary treatment for localized prostate cancer","volume":"121","author":"Bos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br. J. Urol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.12816","article-title":"Determination of optimal drug dose and light dose index to achieve minimally invasive focal ablation of localised prostate cancer using WST11-vascular-targeted photodynamic (VTP) therapy","volume":"116","author":"Moore","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br. J. Urol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2016.08.044","article-title":"New and Established Technology in Focal Ablation of the Prostate: A Systematic Review","volume":"71","author":"Valerio","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. Urol."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"530.e15","article-title":"Predictors of biochemical recurrence after primary focal cryosurgery (hemiablation) for localized prostate cancer: A multi-institutional analytic comparison of Phoenix and Stuttgart criteria","volume":"35","author":"Kongnyuy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Urol. Oncol. Semin. Orig. Investig."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2014.09.018","article-title":"Focal Therapy: Patients, Interventions, and Outcomes\u2014A Report from a Consensus Meeting","volume":"67","author":"Donaldson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. Urol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1159\/000502553","article-title":"Oncological Outcome and Value of Postoperative Magnetic Resonance Imaging after Focal High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Therapy for Prostate Cancer","volume":"103","author":"Rosenhammer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Urol. Int."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2017.08.076","article-title":"Comparative Analysis of Partial Gland Ablation and Radical Prostatectomy to Treat Low and Intermediate Risk Prostate Cancer: Oncologic and Functional Outcomes","volume":"199","author":"Sivaraman","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2011.02215.x","article-title":"Randomized Comparison between Laparoscopic and Robot-Assisted Nerve-Sparing Radical Prostatectomy","volume":"8","author":"Asimakopoulos","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Sex. Med."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2011.10551.x","article-title":"Comparison of outcomes between pure laparoscopic vs robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: A study of comparative effectiveness based upon validated quality of life outcomes","volume":"109","author":"Willis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br. J. Urol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.3109\/00365599.2012.696137","article-title":"Comparison of oncological and functional outcomes of pure versus robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy performed by a single surgeon","volume":"47","author":"Park","year":"2012","journal-title":"Scand. J. Urol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euo.2019.03.008","article-title":"Salvage Local Treatments After Focal Therapy for Prostate Cancer","volume":"2","author":"Marra","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. Urol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2019.03.007","article-title":"Robot-assisted Radical Prostatectomy After Focal Therapy: Oncological, Functional Outcomes and Predictors of Recurrence","volume":"76","author":"Marconi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. Urol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2021.04.059","article-title":"Salvage Robotic-assisted Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy Following Focal High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound for ISUP 2\/3 Cancer","volume":"156","author":"Spitznagel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Urology"}],"container-title":["Journal of Personalized Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4426\/12\/2\/251\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T22:17:14Z","timestamp":1760134634000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4426\/12\/2\/251"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,9]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]}},"alternative-id":["jpm12020251"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jpm12020251","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-4426"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2075-4426","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,9]]}}}