{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T18:08:54Z","timestamp":1770919734290,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,13]],"date-time":"2022-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644710400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004606","name":"Chang Gung Memorial Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CORPG3L0031"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CORPG3L0031"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004606","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST 110-2221-E-182A-006-"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 110-2221-E-182A-006-"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We aimed to determine the timing of neodymium:yttrium\u2013aluminum\u2013garnet (Nd:YAG) laser capsulotomy on corrected-distance visual acuity (CDVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), and spherical equivalent (SE) in patients with posterior capsular opacification (PCO). There were 59 patients with unilateral PCO and a history of Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy enrolled and further divided into the early Nd:YAG group (timing &lt; 12 months, n = 25) and late Nd:YAG group (timing &gt; 12 months, n = 34) depending on the elapsed months from phacoemulsification to Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy. The primary outcomes were CDVA, IOP, and SE before (immediately before Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy) and after (weeks one and four after the laser treatment). The independent t test was applied to analyze the difference in CDVA, IOP, and SE between the two groups, while the generalized estimating equation with Bonferroni adjustment was conducted to evaluate the effect of all the parameters on the change in SE with adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). The CDVA showed significant improvement in both the early Nd:YAG group (p = 0.005) and the late Nd:YAG group (p = 0.001), and hyperopic change occurred in both the early Nd:YAG group (p = 0.003) and the late Nd:YAG group (p = 0.017). The early Nd:YAG group revealed more significant hyperopic change compared with the late Nd:YAG group four weeks after Nd:YAG treatment (p &lt; 0.001), which was still significant after multivariable analysis (aOR: 0.899, 95% CI: 0.868\u20130.930, p = 0.011). In addition, a deeper ACD (aOR: 0.764, 95% CI: 0.671\u20130.869, p = 0.019) was significantly correlated with hyperopic change. In conclusion, Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy performed within one year after cataract surgery may lead to significant hyperopic change, in which the ACD alteration affects the hyperopic shift significantly.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm12020272","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,13]],"date-time":"2022-02-13T21:08:43Z","timestamp":1644786523000},"page":"272","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Refractive Changes Following Premature Posterior Capsulotomy Using Neodymium:Yttrium\u2013Aluminum\u2013Garnet Laser"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5719-0488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chia-Yi","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua 50093, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tsai-Te","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yaa-Jyuhn James","family":"Meir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Linkou 333323, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kuan-Jen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Linkou 333323, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7963-8717","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chun-Fu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Linkou 333323, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 20401, Taiwan"},{"name":"Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8644-1960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chao-Min","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1117-7878","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hung-Chi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Linkou 333323, Taiwan"},{"name":"Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 33305, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2008.10.016","article-title":"Posterior capsule opacification","volume":"88","author":"Wormstone","year":"2009","journal-title":"Exp. 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