{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T16:05:11Z","timestamp":1777046711731,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,16]],"date-time":"2022-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644969600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: This is the first study that aims to define smoking, with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), as a phenotype (SOSA). Moreover, we wanted to demonstrate the deleterious effects of the continuation of smoking on OSA. Methods: The cross-sectional study highlighted four dimensions of SOSA: the demographic and anthropometric features, the symptoms, the comorbidities, and the sleep study parameters. This study compared these characteristics between current smokers (CS), those who have never smoked (NS), and ex-smokers (ES) with OSA. Results: More men (83.95% in CS, versus 66.67% in NS) and an earlier onset of OSA (average age = 50.05 in CS, versus 52.26 in NS, p = 0.04) were recorded among CS. The distinguishing symptom of CS was daytime sleepiness, with an Epworth score that was significantly higher than in NS. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was significantly more prevalent in CS (38.27%) than in NS (1.51%) (p &lt; 0.001). The severity of OSA, consisting of a higher apnea-hypopnea index, a higher oxygen desaturation index, and a longer time spent below 90% oxygen saturation during sleep was significantly influenced by smoking. Conclusions: The SOSA phenotype includes younger male patients with a higher waist circumference, suggesting central obesity. They have a higher prevalence of COPD and a greater severity of OSA, in correlation with the number of pack-years of smoking.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm12020293","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,16]],"date-time":"2022-02-16T21:36:24Z","timestamp":1645047384000},"page":"293","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Smoking Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Arguments for a Distinctive Phenotype and a Personalized Intervention"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0829-0562","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marina Ruxandra","family":"O\u021belea","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Department 5, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mihaela","family":"Trenchea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Department II, Faculty of Medicine, Ovidius University of Constanta, 900527 Constan\u0163a, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Agripina","family":"Ra\u0219cu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Department 5, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Colentina Clinical Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sabina","family":"Antoniu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Department II, \u201cGrigore T. Popa\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3563-6987","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Corina","family":"Zugravu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Fundamental Sciences, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"National Institute of Public Health, 050463 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4678-9655","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u0218tefan","family":"Busnatu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Department 4, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"\u201cBagdasar Arseni\u201d Clinical Emergency Hospital, 041915 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9334-0199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anca Angela","family":"Simionescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Department 13, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Filantropia Clinical Hospital, 011132 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9844-8521","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oana Cristina","family":"Arghir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Department II, Faculty of Medicine, Ovidius University of Constanta, 900527 Constan\u0163a, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2010.02332.x","article-title":"Smoking and the outcome of infection","volume":"269","author":"Huttunen","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. 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