{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T02:07:40Z","timestamp":1792289260982,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,19]],"date-time":"2022-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645228800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Italian Ministry of the Health","award":["RRC-2013-2353257, RF2016-02361560 grant and RC 5 x1000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RRC-2013-2353257, RF2016-02361560 grant and RC 5 x1000"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) is a motor speech disorder often co-occurring with language impairment and complex neurodevelopmental disorders. A cohort of 106 children with CAS associated to other neurodevelopmental disorders underwent a multidimensional investigation of speech and language profiles, chromosome microarray analysis and structural brain magnetic resonance (MR). Our aim was to compare the clinical profiles of children with CAS co-occurring with only language impairment with those who, in addition to language impairment, had other neurodevelopmental disorders. Expressive grammar was impaired in the majority of the sample in the context of similar alterations of speech, typical of the core symptoms of CAS. Moreover, children with complex comorbidities also showed more severe and persistent receptive language deficits. About 25% of the participants harbored copy number variations (CNVs) already described in association to neurodevelopmental disorders. CNVs occurred more frequently in children with complex comorbidities. MR structural\/signal alterations were found in a small number of children and were of uncertain pathogenic significance. These results confirm that CAS needs multidimensional diagnostic and clinical management. The high frequency of language impairment has important implications for early care and demands a personalized treatment approach in which speech and language goals are consistently integrated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm12020313","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]],"date-time":"2022-02-21T08:22:19Z","timestamp":1645431739000},"page":"313","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Differences and Commonalities in Children with Childhood Apraxia of Speech and Comorbid Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Multidimensional Perspective"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0005-7512","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna Maria","family":"Chilosi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS \u201cStella Maris Foundation\u201d Scientific Institute, 56128 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9319-4630","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irina","family":"Podda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parole al Centro Studio di Logopedia, 16129 Genova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivana","family":"Ricca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS \u201cStella Maris Foundation\u201d Scientific Institute, 56128 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Comparini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Azienda ASL Toscana Nord Ovest, 56121 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatrice","family":"Franchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS \u201cStella Maris Foundation\u201d Scientific Institute, 56128 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simona","family":"Fiori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS \u201cStella Maris Foundation\u201d Scientific Institute, 56128 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosa","family":"Pasquariello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS \u201cStella Maris Foundation\u201d Scientific Institute, 56128 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3055-3346","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"Casalini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS \u201cStella Maris Foundation\u201d Scientific Institute, 56128 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Cipriani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS \u201cStella Maris Foundation\u201d Scientific Institute, 56128 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Filippo Maria","family":"Santorelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS \u201cStella Maris Foundation\u201d Scientific Institute, 56128 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2022, February 18). 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