{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:54:21Z","timestamp":1760151261631,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,25]],"date-time":"2022-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645747200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Background: There is no consensus regarding the optimal strategy to prevent macular edema after cataract surgery in diabetic patients. The purpose of study is to compare the efficacy of topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs) and intravitreal injections of anti-VEGFs for the prevention of macular edema after cataract surgery in diabetic patients without pre-existing macular edema. (2) Methods: A literature search of the MEDLINE, PUBMED, and EMBASE databases was conducted in July 2021. Studies involving either topical NSAIDs or intravitreal injections of anti-VEGF arms that reported either the occurrence of macular edema or changes in best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were included. Weighted mean differences and risk ratios were calculated along with 95% confidence intervals. (3) Results: Intravitreal injection of anti-VEGFs provided short-term structural protection for one month in patients receiving cataract surgery, but the protective effect ceased to exist after three months. The structural protection of topical NSAIDs, however, can last for at least three months. Meanwhile, neither anti-VEGFs nor NSAIDs provided significant visual improvement. (4) Conclusions: Our study suggested that topical NSAIDs eye drops is an effective prevention strategy for macular edema after cataract surgery in diabetic patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm12030351","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,27]],"date-time":"2022-02-27T20:47:17Z","timestamp":1645994837000},"page":"351","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Comparison of Efficacy between Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Preventing Macular Edema after Cataract Surgery in Diabetic Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4221-7307","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chia-An","family":"Hsu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2544-2353","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sheng-Chu","family":"Chi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7886-443X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu-Bai","family":"Chou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2015.10.001","article-title":"Risk Factors and Incidence of Macular Edema after Cataract Surgery","volume":"123","author":"Chu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.13513","article-title":"Cystoid macular oedema following cataract surgery: A review","volume":"47","author":"Han","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6724","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.15-17042","article-title":"Differentiation of Diabetic Macular Edema From Pseudophakic Cystoid Macular Edema by Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography","volume":"56","author":"Munk","year":"2015","journal-title":"Investig. Opthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S31902","article-title":"Evaluation of nepafenac in prevention of macular edema following cataract surgery in patients with diabetic retinopathy","volume":"6","author":"Singh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)73138-1","article-title":"Severe Diabetic Retinopathy After Cataract Surgery","volume":"117","author":"Schatz","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.76.4.221","article-title":"Cystoid macular oedema following cataract extraction in patients with diabetes","volume":"76","author":"Pollack","year":"1992","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-017-3599-8","article-title":"The comparative efficacy and safety of topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for the treatment of anterior chamber inflammation after cataract surgery: A systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"255","author":"Duan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Graefe\u2019s Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"CD010516","article-title":"Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs versus corticosteroids for controlling inflammation after uncomplicated cataract surgery","volume":"2017","author":"Juthani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2015.07.032","article-title":"Prevention of Cystoid Macular Edema After Cataract Surgery in Nondiabetic and Diabetic Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"160","author":"Wielders","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"Cd007419","article-title":"Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor for diabetic macular oedema: A network meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"Virgili","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2019.04.025","article-title":"Prevention of macular edema in patients with diabetes after cataract surgery","volume":"45","author":"Laursen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cataract Refract. Surg."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"2648267","article-title":"A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Outcomes of Intravitreal Anti-VEGF Agent Treatment Immediately after Cataract Surgery for Patients with Diabetic Retinopathy","volume":"2019","author":"Hao","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-1313.2010.00766.x","article-title":"Transforming scales of measurement of visual acuity at the group level","volume":"30","author":"Khoshnood","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol. Opt."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e3182979b9e","article-title":"Effect of combined cataract surgery and ranibizumab injection in postoperative macular edema in nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy","volume":"34","author":"Chae","year":"2014","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2008.09.019","article-title":"Role of combined cataract surgery and intravitreal bevacizumab injection in preventing progression of diabetic retinopathy: Prospective randomized study","volume":"35","author":"Cheema","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Cataract Refract. Surg."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.5301\/EJO.2010.1405","article-title":"Prophylactic Intravitreal Bevacizumab for Diabetic Macular Edema (thickening) after Cataract Surgery: Prospective Randomized Study","volume":"21","author":"Fard","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joco.2018.04.004","article-title":"Role of combined phacoemulsification and intravitreal injection of bevacizumab in prevention of postoperative macular edema in non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy","volume":"30","author":"Khodabandeh","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Curr. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.2011.0069","article-title":"Phacoemulcification with Intravitreal Bevacizumab Injection in Patients with Cataract and Coexisting Diabetic Retinopathy: Prospective Randomized Study","volume":"28","author":"Salehi","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Ocul. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.3928\/23258160-20200228-06","article-title":"Prevention of Macular Edema in Patients With Diabetic Retinopathy Undergoing Cataract Surgery: The PROMISE Trial","volume":"51","author":"Song","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Surg. Lasers Imaging Retin."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e31819c6302","article-title":"Prevention of vision loss after cataract surgery in diabetic macular edema with intravitreal bevacizumab: A pilot study","volume":"29","author":"Rozalen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2009.01.014","article-title":"Analysis of the effect of intravitreal bevacizumab injection on diabetic macular edema after cataract surgery","volume":"116","author":"Takamura","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-016-0209-4","article-title":"The effect of topical sodium diclofenac on macular thickness in diabetic eyes after phacoemulsification: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"37","author":"Entezari","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1671","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2015.56.6.1671","article-title":"The Effects of Two Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs, Bromfenac 0.1% and Ketorolac 0.45%, on Cataract Surgery","volume":"56","author":"Jung","year":"2015","journal-title":"Yonsei Med. J."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.3325\/cmj.2017.58.49","article-title":"Effect of preoperative topical diclofenac on intraocular interleukin-12 concentration and macular edema after cataract surgery in patients with diabetic retinopathy: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"58","author":"Matas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Croat. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2016-308617","article-title":"Prospective randomised clinical trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of nepafenac 0.1% treatment for the prevention of macular oedema associated with cataract surgery in patients with diabetic retinopathy","volume":"101","author":"Pollack","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.2006.134","article-title":"Diclofenac Prevents an Early Event of Macular Thickening After Cataract Surgery in Patients with Diabetes","volume":"23","author":"Shimura","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Ocul. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.01.036","article-title":"Nepafenac 0.3% after Cataract Surgery in Patients with Diabetic Retinopathy: Results of 2 Randomized Phase 3 Studies","volume":"124","author":"Singh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2131","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S41358","article-title":"Preservative toxicity in glaucoma medication: Clinical evaluation of benzalkonium chloride-free 0.5% timolol eye drops","volume":"7","author":"Bell","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.13843","article-title":"Postoperative management in cataract surgery: Nepafenac and preservative-free diclofenac compared","volume":"96","author":"Ylinen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.13670","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory medication following cataract surgery: A randomized trial between preservative-free dexamethasone, diclofenac and their combination","volume":"96","author":"Ylinen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2018.05.015","article-title":"Randomized controlled European multicenter trial on the prevention of cystoid macular edema after cataract surgery in diabetics: ESCRS PREMED Study Report 2","volume":"44","author":"Wielders","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cataract Refract. Surg."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2612","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.16-19204","article-title":"Intraocular Pharmacokinetics of Intravitreal Aflibercept (Eylea) in a Rabbit Model","volume":"57","author":"Ark","year":"2016","journal-title":"Investig. Opthalmol. Vis. Sci."}],"container-title":["Journal of Personalized Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4426\/12\/3\/351\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T22:27:47Z","timestamp":1760135267000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4426\/12\/3\/351"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,25]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]}},"alternative-id":["jpm12030351"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jpm12030351","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-4426"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2075-4426"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,25]]}}}