{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T12:41:10Z","timestamp":1772109670808,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,28]],"date-time":"2022-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648425600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) is associated with arrhythmic events which may lead to sudden cardiac death (SCD). A leading therapy for CPVT besides medical treatment with beta-blockers is the use of an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD). For this paper we compared data from a pooled analysis to get further evidence about the complications of transvenous and subcutaneous ICDs. Methods: We gathered data from a search of PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and Cinahl. For our analysis, we chose 30 studies with a total number of 784 patients. We compared the data regarding complications caused by different ICD device types. Results: During a mean follow up of 38.9 months for the patients with ICD implantation (n = 337), data showed a complication rate of 101 (30%). A total of 330 (98%) of them received a transvenous-ICD (T-ICD) and 7 (2%) a subcutaneous-ICD (S-ICD). A total of 97 (29.4%) of the T-ICD patients and 4 (57.1%) of the S-ICD patients had at least one complication. Of the 234 complications that occurred in T-ICD patients 152 (65%) were inappropriate shocks due to supraventricular arrhythmias, T\/R-wave oversensing or electrode defect, 26 (11.1%) lead fracture\/failure, 1 (0.4%) electrode defect, 46 were (19.7%) events of electrical storms, 1 (0.4%) thromboembolic event, 2 (0.8%) cases of endocarditis and 6 (2.6%) infections of the ICD-pocket. Ten (100%) of the complications for the four patients with the S-ICD were an event of an inappropriate shock due to supraventricular arrhythmias, T\/R-wave oversensing or electrode defect. Conclusion: Subcutaneous ICDs (S-ICD) show a certain advantage over T-ICDs regarding lead-related complications. Nevertheless, they still show problems with inappropriate shocks and other ICD related complications. Therefore, a case-by-case decision is advised, but the continuous improvement of S-ICD might make it an overall advantageous therapy option in the future.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm12040536","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,29]],"date-time":"2022-03-29T21:41:30Z","timestamp":1648590090000},"page":"536","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Pooled Analysis of Complications with Transvenous ICD Compared to Subcutaneous ICD in Patients with Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Arrhythmia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Henrik","family":"Eckert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ibrahim","family":"El-Battrawy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany"},{"name":"DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site, Heidelberg-Mannheim, 68167 Mannheim, Germany"},{"name":"Bergmannsheil Bochum, Medical Clinic II, Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Ruhr University, 44789 Bochum, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Veith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gretje","family":"Roterberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2324-3577","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacqueline","family":"Kowitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Siegfried","family":"Lang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany"},{"name":"DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site, Heidelberg-Mannheim, 68167 Mannheim, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5895-0127","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaobo","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany"},{"name":"DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site, Heidelberg-Mannheim, 68167 Mannheim, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ibrahim","family":"Akin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany"},{"name":"DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site, Heidelberg-Mannheim, 68167 Mannheim, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"M\u00fcgge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bergmannsheil Bochum, Medical Clinic II, Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Ruhr University, 44789 Bochum, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8134-6905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Assem","family":"Aweimer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bergmannsheil Bochum, Medical Clinic II, Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Ruhr University, 44789 Bochum, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.01.026","article-title":"Flecainide therapy reduces exercise-induced ventricular arrhythmias in patients with catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia","volume":"57","author":"Kannankeril","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. 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