{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T22:41:48Z","timestamp":1780526508790,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,18]],"date-time":"2022-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650240000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with (CRSwNP) or without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) is a persistent, heterogeneous inflammatory condition affecting the upper respiratory tract. The present study aimed to improve the characterization of CRS endotypes based on the chemokine and cytokine expression pattern in the CRS tissues. Concentrations of chemokines and cytokines were measured in tissues from nasal biopsies obtained from 66 CRS patients and 25 control subjects using multiplexing or single analyte technologies. Cluster analysis based on the concentration of type-1 (MCP-3\/CCL7, MIP-1 \u03b1\/CCL3), type-2 (IL-5, MCP-3\/CCL7, MIP-1 \u03b1\/CCL3, TARC\/CCL17, PARC\/CCL18, IP-10\/CXCL10, ECP), and type-3 (IL-22) chemokines and cytokines identified six CRS endotypes (clusters). Cluster 1 (type-3) and 2 (type-1) were associated with a low prevalence of nasal polyps, Cluster 3 (type-1, -2, -3) and Cluster 4 (type-2, -3, medium IL-22) with medium, and Cluster 5 (type-2, -3, high Il-22) and Cluster 6 (type-2) with high prevalence of nasal polyps. Asthma was highly prevalent in Cluster-6. Our findings add to the existing knowledge of CRS endotypes and may be useful for the clinical decision-making process. The advancement of biologics therapy for upper respiratory tract disorders rationalizes the personalized diagnostic approach to warrant a successful treatment and monitoring of CRS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm12040646","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,18]],"date-time":"2022-04-18T22:04:02Z","timestamp":1650319442000},"page":"646","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Chemokine Expression-Based Endotype Clustering of Chronic Rhinosinusitis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Ulrike","family":"F\u00f6rster-Ruhrmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery CVK, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9292-6606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnieszka J.","family":"Szczepek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery CCM, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Zielona Gora, 65-046 Zielona Gora, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Greta","family":"Pierchalla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery CVK, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3610-0698","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joachim W.","family":"Fluhr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Allergology, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, 12203 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Metin","family":"Artuc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Allergology, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1466-8875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Torsten","family":"Zuberbier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Allergology, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, 12203 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claus","family":"Bachert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Upper Airway Research Laboratory, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heidi","family":"Olze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery CVK, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery CCM, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1111\/all.13984","article-title":"Dupilumab improves health-related quality of life in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis","volume":"75","author":"Bachert","year":"2020","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.4193\/Rhin20.601","article-title":"Executive summary of EPOS 2020 including integrated care pathways","volume":"58","author":"Fokkens","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2011.02646.x","article-title":"Chronic rhinosinusitis in Europe--an underestimated disease. 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