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The present genetic association study was conducted as part of the Psychological and Genetic Factors of Addictions study (n = 3003) and aimed to investigate genetic overlaps between different substance use, addictive, and other compulsive behaviors. Association analyses targeted 32 single-nucleotide polymorphisms, potentially addictive substances (alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, and other drugs), and potentially addictive or compulsive behaviors (internet use, gaming, social networking site use, gambling, exercise, hair-pulling, and eating). Analyses revealed 29 nominally significant associations, from which, nine survived an FDRbl correction. Four associations were observed between FOXN3 rs759364 and potentially addictive behaviors: rs759364 showed an association with the frequency of alcohol consumption and mean scores of scales assessing internet addiction, gaming disorder, and exercise addiction. Significant associations were found between GDNF rs1549250, rs2973033, CNR1 rs806380, DRD2\/ANKK1 rs1800497 variants, and the \u201clifetime other drugs\u201d variable. These suggested that genetic factors may contribute similarly to specific substance use and addictive behaviors. Specifically, FOXN3 rs759364 and GDNF rs1549250 and rs2973033 may constitute genetic risk factors for multiple addictive behaviors. Due to limitations (e.g., convenience sampling, lack of structured scales for substance use), further studies are needed. Functional correlates and mechanisms underlying these relationships should also be investigated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm12050690","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,26]],"date-time":"2022-04-26T11:45:55Z","timestamp":1650973555000},"page":"690","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["FOXN3 and GDNF Polymorphisms as Common Genetic Factors of Substance Use and Addictive Behaviors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Andrea","family":"Vereczkei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4350-8838","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Csaba","family":"Barta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Magi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychology, ELTE E\u00f6tv\u00f6s Lor\u00e1nd University, 1075 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Doctoral School of Psychology, ELTE E\u00f6tv\u00f6s Lor\u00e1nd University, 1075 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judit","family":"Farkas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychology, ELTE E\u00f6tv\u00f6s Lor\u00e1nd University, 1075 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Ny\u00edr\u0151 Gyula National Institute of Psychiatry and Addictions, 1135 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Eisinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychology, ELTE E\u00f6tv\u00f6s Lor\u00e1nd University, 1075 Budapest, 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UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Szekely","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychology, ELTE E\u00f6tv\u00f6s Lor\u00e1nd University, 1075 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u00e1ria","family":"Sasv\u00e1ri-Sz\u00e9kely","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R\u00f3bert","family":"Urb\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychology, ELTE E\u00f6tv\u00f6s Lor\u00e1nd University, 1075 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc N.","family":"Potenza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Psychiatry, Child Study and Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA"},{"name":"Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, CT 06109, USA"},{"name":"Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT 06519, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajendra D.","family":"Badgaiyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Ichan School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth","family":"Blum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Addiction Research & Education, Center for Psychiatry, Medicine, & Primary Care (Office of the Provost), Western University Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5604-7551","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zsolt","family":"Demetrovics","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychology, ELTE E\u00f6tv\u00f6s Lor\u00e1nd University, 1075 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Centre of Excellence in Responsible Gaming, University of Gibraltar, Gibraltar GX11 1AA, Gibraltar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eszter","family":"Kotyuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychology, ELTE E\u00f6tv\u00f6s Lor\u00e1nd University, 1075 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (2013). 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