{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T22:20:25Z","timestamp":1791930025027,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,2]],"date-time":"2022-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651449600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Medical Department of Roche Farma Spain","award":["ML41397"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ML41397"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The frequency of cognitive impairment (CI) reported in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is highly variable, and its relationship with demographic and clinical characteristics is poorly understood. We aimed to describe the cognitive profile of NMOSD patients, and to analyse the cognitive differences according to their serostatus; furthermore, we aimed to assess the relationship between cognition, demographic and clinical characteristics, and other aspects linked to health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Methods: This cross-sectional study included 41 patients (median age, 44 years; 85% women) from 13 Spanish centres. Demographic and clinical characteristics were collected along with a cognitive z-score (Rao\u2019s Battery) and HRQoL patient-centred measures, and their relationship was explored using linear regression. We used the Akaike information criterion to model which characteristics were associated with cognition. Results: Fourteen patients (34%) had CI, and the most affected cognitive domain was visual memory. Cognition was similar in AQP4-IgG-positive and -negative patients. Gender, mood, fatigue, satisfaction with life, and perception of stigma were associated with cognitive performance (adjusted R2 = 0.396, p &lt; 0.001). Conclusions: The results highlight the presence of CI and its impact on HRQoL in NMOSD patients. Cognitive and psychological assessments may be crucial to achieve a holistic approach in patient care.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm12050743","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,3]],"date-time":"2022-05-03T08:26:35Z","timestamp":1651566395000},"page":"743","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Cognitive Performance and Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Elisabet","family":"Lopez-Soley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Neuroimmunology, Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Institut d\u2019Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5050-9890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose E.","family":"Meca-Lallana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Clinical Neuroimmunology Unit and Multiple Sclerosis CSUR, Hospital Universitario \u201cVirgen de la Arrixaca\u201d, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4273-9121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Llufriu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Neuroimmunology, Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Institut d\u2019Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yolanda","family":"Blanco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Neuroimmunology, Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Institut d\u2019Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9582-9230","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roc\u00edo","family":"G\u00f3mez-Ballesteros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Department, Roche Farma, 28042 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9858-3555","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge","family":"Maurino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Department, Roche Farma, 28042 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3767-3738","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco","family":"P\u00e9rez-Miralles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Unit of Neuroimmunology, Hospital Universitari i Polit\u00e8cnic La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luc\u00eda","family":"Forero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, 11009 Cadiz, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Calles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda L.","family":"Martinez-Gines","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, 28007 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9897-0771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"In\u00e9s","family":"Gonzalez-Suarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario \u00c1lvaro Cunqueiro, 36213 Vigo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabas","family":"Boyero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Cruces, 48903 Bilbao, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8054-0565","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luc\u00eda","family":"Romero-Pinel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, 08907 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c1ngel P.","family":"Sempere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, 03010 Alicante, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Virginia","family":"Meca-Lallana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4289-8264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis","family":"Querol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6512-4413","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucienne","family":"Costa-Frossard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Ram\u00f3n y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Sepulveda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Neuroimmunology, Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Institut d\u2019Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7973-2439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Solana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Neuroimmunology, Laboratory of Advanced Imaging in Neuroimmunological Diseases, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Institut d\u2019Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.00608","article-title":"Cognitive Impairment in Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders: A Review of Clinical and Neuroradiological Features","volume":"10","author":"Oertel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. 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