{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T16:00:47Z","timestamp":1791907247626,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,6]],"date-time":"2022-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654473600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ateneo Universit\u00e0 di Firenze","award":["RICATEN22, fondi Ateneo 2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RICATEN22, fondi Ateneo 2022"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) frequently show pathologic CSF A\u03b242 levels, comparable with Alzheimer\u2019s Disease (AD). Nevertheless, the clinical meaning of these findings has not been fully explained. We aimed to assess the role of AD CSF biomarkers (A\u03b242, A\u03b242\/A\u03b240, p-tau, t-tau) in iNPH. To this purpose, we enrolled 44 patients diagnosed with iNPH and 101 with AD. All the patients underwent CSF sampling. We compared CSF biomarker levels in iNPH and AD: A\u03b242 levels were not different between iNPH and AD, while A\u03b242\/A\u03b240, p-tau, and t-tau were significantly different and showed excellent accuracy in distinguishing iNPH and AD. A multiple logistic regression analysis showed that A\u03b242\/A\u03b240 was the variable that most contributed to differentiating the two groups. Furthermore, iNPH patients with positive A\u03b242\/A\u03b240 had higher p-tau and t-tau than iNPH patients with negative A\u03b242\/A\u03b240. Those iNPH patients who showed cognitive impairment had lower A\u03b242\/A\u03b240 and higher p-tau than patients without cognitive impairment. We concluded that positive CSF A\u03b242 with negative A\u03b242\/A\u03b240, p-tau, and t-tau is a typical CSF profile of iNPH. On the contrary, positive A\u03b242\/A\u03b240 in iNPH patients, especially when associated with positive p-tau, may lead to suspicion of a coexistent AD pathology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm12060935","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,6]],"date-time":"2022-06-06T10:08:24Z","timestamp":1654510104000},"page":"935","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Alzheimer\u2019s Disease CSF Biomarker Profiles in Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5985-5060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salvatore","family":"Mazzeo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Careggi University Hospital, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla, 3, 50134 Florence, Italy"},{"name":"IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, 50143 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Filippo","family":"Emiliani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Careggi University Hospital, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla, 3, 50134 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Bagnoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Careggi University Hospital, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla, 3, 50134 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonia","family":"Padiglioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Referral Centre for Relational Criticalities, 50139 Florence, Italy"},{"name":"Research and Innovation Centre for Dementia-CRIDEM, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo Maria","family":"Del Re","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit of Medicine Ageing, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8711-331X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulia","family":"Giacomucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Careggi University Hospital, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla, 3, 50134 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juri","family":"Balestrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Careggi University Hospital, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla, 3, 50134 Florence, 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Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Careggi University Hospital, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla, 3, 50134 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Polito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, 50143 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camilla","family":"Ferrari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Careggi University Hospital, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla, 3, 50134 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gastone","family":"Pansini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgery Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Largo Giovanni Alessandro Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Della Puppa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Careggi University Hospital, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla, 3, 50134 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandro","family":"Sorbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Careggi University Hospital, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla, 3, 50134 Florence, Italy"},{"name":"IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, 50143 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9338-9040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benedetta","family":"Nacmias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Careggi University Hospital, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla, 3, 50134 Florence, 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