{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T07:51:21Z","timestamp":1792396281604,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,17]],"date-time":"2022-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655424000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pediatric spina bifida (SB) and spinal cord injury (SCI) are unfortunately common in our society, and their unique findings and comorbidities warrant special consideration. This manuscript will discuss the epidemiology, pathophysiology, prevention, and management strategies for children growing and developing with these unique neuromuscular disorders. Growth and development of the maturing child places them at high risk of spinal cord tethering, syringomyelia, ascending paralysis, pressure injuries, and orthopedic abnormalities that must be addressed frequently and judiciously. Similarly, proper neurogenic bladder and neurogenic bowel management is essential not just for medical safety, but also for optimal psychosocial integration into the child\u2019s expanding social circle.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm12060985","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,17]],"date-time":"2022-06-17T05:25:11Z","timestamp":1655443511000},"page":"985","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Pediatric Spina Bifida and Spinal Cord Injury"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Joslyn","family":"Gober","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA"},{"name":"The Christine E. Lynn Rehabilitation Center for the Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Miami, FL 33136, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sruthi P.","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6714-619X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David R.","family":"Gater","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA"},{"name":"The Christine E. Lynn Rehabilitation Center for the Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Miami, FL 33136, USA"},{"name":"The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"323","article-title":"The development of a lifetime care model in comprehensive spina bifida care","volume":"11","author":"Hopson","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Pediatric Rehabil. Med."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2022, April 24). 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