{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T13:55:03Z","timestamp":1780494903201,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,25]],"date-time":"2022-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656115200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Antenatal factors play a role in NEC pathogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the predictive value of fetal ductus venosus doppler (DV) for NEC in fetal growth restriction fetuses (FGRF) and to assess the predictive accuracy of IG21 and Fenton curves in NEC development. Data from FGRF, postnatal findings, and Doppler characteristics were collected between 2010 and 2020 at a single center. Patients were then divided into two groups (i.e., with and without NEC). Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed. We identified 24 cases and 30 controls. Absent or reversed end-diastolic flow (AREDF) and increased resistance in the DV were more impaired in cases (p &lt; 0.05). Although the median birthweight was not different, the Fenton z-score was lower in NEC (p &lt; 0.05). Fetal cardiopulmonary resuscitation, synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation, neonatal respiratory distress, persistent patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), and inotropic support were more frequent in the NEC group. Furthermore, NEC patients had lower white blood cells (WBC) (p &lt; 0.05). The predictive model for NEC (model 4), including Fenton z-score, WBC, PDA, and DV had an AUC of 84%. Fetal Doppler findings proved effective in predicting NEC in FGR. The Fenton z-score was the most predictive factor considering the fetal growth assessment showing high sensitivity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm12071042","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,26]],"date-time":"2022-06-26T09:00:13Z","timestamp":1656234013000},"page":"1042","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Fetal Doppler Evaluation to Predict NEC Development"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Miriam","family":"Duci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s, Division of Paediatric Surgery, University of Padua, 35100 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erich","family":"Cosmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternal Fetal Medicine Unit, Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s, School of Medicine, University of Padua, 35100 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierpaolo","family":"Zorzato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternal Fetal Medicine Unit, Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s, School of Medicine, University of Padua, 35100 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6429-1220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ambrogio Pietro","family":"Londero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Infant Health, University of Genoa, 16132 Genova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanna","family":"Verlato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s, Division on Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University of Padua, 35100 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eugenio","family":"Baraldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s, Division on Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University of Padua, 35100 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0390-6823","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eugenio","family":"Ragazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, 35100 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7175-3013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Fascetti Leon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s, Division of Paediatric Surgery, University of Padua, 35100 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Visentin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternal Fetal Medicine Unit, Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s, School of Medicine, University of Padua, 35100 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2020.1097","article-title":"Association of intrauterine growth restriction and small for gestational age status with childhood cognitive outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"174","author":"Sacchi","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.22134","article-title":"ISUOG Practice guidelines: Diagnosis and management of small-for-gestational-age fetus and fetal growth restriction","volume":"56","author":"Lees","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet. 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