{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:12:06Z","timestamp":1760238726238,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,15]],"date-time":"2022-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657843200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to assess the outcomes of planned maxillary surgical movements in the transverse direction in patients possessing a Class III skeletal pattern. The available consecutive patients\u2019 records were retrospectively reviewed. Only those possessing a Class III skeletal pattern, and for whom the same virtual planning system was used, were enrolled. The waferless technique was used to guide the jawbone repositioning. A representative triangle in the virtual maxilla of each stage was used to validate the planned surgical movements (PSMs) and the outcome discrepancy (OD). The linear and angular measurements were retrieved for the assessments of the correlation between PSM and OD. In total, 44 adult patients who met the inclusion criteria were studied. The average linear OD of the A-point in the transverse direction was 0.66 \u00b1 0.54 mm, and the yaw correction showed 1.02 \u00b1 0.84 degrees in difference. There was no specific correlation between the linear PSMs and ODs; however, the angular ones were positively correlated. With the help of the waferless technique to transfer the virtual planning results, the practitioners could confidently predict the postsurgical maxillary position in the transverse direction in the orthognathic surgery of Class III patients. However, the yaw correction should be carefully planned to avoid postsurgical instabilities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm12071147","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,17]],"date-time":"2022-07-17T22:57:06Z","timestamp":1658098626000},"page":"1147","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Predictability of the Surgical Outcomes of Class III Patients in the Transverse Dimension\u2014A Study of Three-Dimensional Assessment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"U-Kei","family":"Lai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Craniofacial Orthodontics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, 123 Dapi Rd. Niaosong District, Kaohsiung 833401, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cheng-Chun","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, 123 Dapi Rd. Niaosong District, Kaohsiung 833401, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8020-9012","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu-Jen","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Craniofacial Orthodontics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, 123 Dapi Rd. Niaosong District, Kaohsiung 833401, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shiu-Shiung","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Craniofacial Orthodontics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, 123 Dapi Rd. Niaosong District, Kaohsiung 833401, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jui-Pin","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, 123 Dapi Rd. Niaosong District, Kaohsiung 833401, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4422-4466","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Te-Ju","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Craniofacial Orthodontics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, 123 Dapi Rd. Niaosong District, Kaohsiung 833401, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2006.04.001","article-title":"Clinical feasibility of computer-aided surgical simulation (CASS) in the treatment of complex cranio-maxillofacial deformities","volume":"65","author":"Gateno","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2008.02.015","article-title":"Face bow and articulator for planning orthognathic surgery: 1 face bow","volume":"46","author":"Walker","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br. J. Oral Maxillofac Surg."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2014.10.028","article-title":"Computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing cutting guides and customized titanium plates are useful in upper maxilla waferless repositioning","volume":"73","author":"Mazzoni","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1578","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2017.06.027","article-title":"Clinical accuracy of waferless maxillary positioning using customized surgical guides and patient specific osteosynthesis in bimaxillary orthognathic surgery","volume":"45","author":"Heufelder","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Cranio-Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2019.06.023","article-title":"Precision of orthognathic digital plan transfer using patient-specific cutting guides and osteosynthesis versus mixed analogue-digitally planned surgery: A randomized controlled clinical trial","volume":"49","author":"Hanafy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2013.06.014","article-title":"Computer-assisted orthognathic surgery: Waferless maxillary positioning, versatility, and accuracy of an image-guided visualisation display","volume":"51","author":"Zinser","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, J., Kim, J., Jeong, C., Cheon, K., Cho, S., Park, I., and Yang, B. (2019). The accuracy and stability of the maxillary position after orthognathic surgery using a novel computer-aided surgical simulation system. BMC Oral Health, 19.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-019-0711-y"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255e","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000005646","article-title":"Three-Dimensional Outcome Assessments of Cleft Lip and Palate Patients Undergoing Maxillary Advancement","volume":"143","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Plast. Reconstr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/21.5.517","article-title":"The influence of dental to facial midline discrepancies on dental attractiveness ratings","volume":"21","author":"Johnston","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur. J. Orthod."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/0266-4356(94)90163-5","article-title":"The 3-dimensional stability of maxillary osteotomies in cleft palate patients with residual alveolar clefts","volume":"32","author":"Cheung","year":"1994","journal-title":"Br. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1597\/04-042r.1","article-title":"Stability of maxillary surgical movement in unilateral cleft lip and palate with preceding alveolar bone grafting","volume":"42","author":"Thongdee","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cleft Palate-Craniofacial J."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2019.09.017","article-title":"Accuracy assessment of computer-aided three-dimensional simulation and navigation in orthognathic surgery (CASNOS)","volume":"119","author":"Chang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Formos. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-160X-3-21","article-title":"The hierarchy of stability and predictability in orthognathic surgery with rigid fixation: An update and extension","volume":"3","author":"Proffit","year":"2007","journal-title":"Head Face Med."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2019.01.002","article-title":"Skeletal stability in orthognathic surgery with the surgery first approach: A systematic review","volume":"48","author":"Soverina","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2012.12.025","article-title":"Skeletal and dental variables related to the stability of orthognathic surgery in skeletal Class III malocclusion with a surgery-first approach","volume":"71","author":"Ko","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-2391(98)90248-8","article-title":"Stability of Le Fort I osteotomy with advancement: A comparison of single maxillary surgery and a two-jaw procedure","volume":"56","author":"Bothur","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e408","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2012.01.006","article-title":"Stability after mandibular setback: Mandible-only versus 2-jaw surgery","volume":"70","author":"Proffit","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"159","article-title":"Long-term stability of surgical class III treatment: A study of 5-year postsurgical results","volume":"17","author":"Busby","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. J. Adult Orthod. Orthognath. Surg."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2015.01.010","article-title":"Is There a Difference in Stability or Neurosensory Function Between Bilateral Sagittal Split Ramus Osteotomy and Intraoral Vertical Ramus Osteotomy for Mandibular Setback?","volume":"73","author":"Ellis","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1007\/s12663-013-0555-y","article-title":"Skeletal Relapse After Mandibular Setback in Bi Max Surgery: Intraoral Vertical Ramus versus Bilateral Sagittal Split Osteotomies","volume":"13","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Maxillofac. Oral Surg."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2007.09.008","article-title":"Vertical ramus versus sagittal split osteotomies: Comparison of stability after mandibular setback","volume":"66","author":"Yoshioka","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/S0266-4356(96)90002-9","article-title":"Stability of orthognathic surgery: A review of rigid fixation","volume":"34","author":"Richardson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(05)81632-4","article-title":"The stability of double jaw surgery: A comparison of rigid versus wire fixation","volume":"99","author":"Satrom","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop."},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"1563551","article-title":"Postsurgical Stability of Temporomandibular Joint of Skeletal Class III Patients Treated with 2-Jaw Orthognathic Surgery via Computer-Aided Three-Dimensional Simulation and Navigation in Orthognathic Surgery (CASNOS)","volume":"2021","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomed Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2004.07.051","article-title":"LeFort I maxillary advancement: 3-year stability and risk factors for relapse","volume":"128","author":"Dowling","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2012.03.027","article-title":"Accuracy of a computer-aided surgical simulation protocol for orthognathic surgery: A prospective multicenter study","volume":"71","author":"Hsu","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40423","DOI":"10.1038\/srep40423","article-title":"Three-dimensional surgical simulation improves the planning for correction of facial prognathism and asymmetry: A qualitative and quantitative study","volume":"7","author":"Ho","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."}],"container-title":["Journal of Personalized Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4426\/12\/7\/1147\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T23:51:05Z","timestamp":1760140265000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4426\/12\/7\/1147"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,15]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]}},"alternative-id":["jpm12071147"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jpm12071147","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-4426"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2075-4426"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,15]]}}}