{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T16:54:42Z","timestamp":1792601682189,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,20]],"date-time":"2022-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658275200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Consequences of a spinal cord injury (SCI) entail much more than damage to the spinal cord. The lives of people with SCI, along with those around them, experience profound long-lasting changes in nearly every life domain. SCI is a physical (biological) injury that is inextricably combined with various psychological and social consequences. The objective of this review is to present psychosocial challenges following SCI through the biopsychosocial model, beginning with acknowledgement of the larger societal effects of ableism and stigma before addressing the many unique psychosocial aspects of living with SCI. Included in this review are qualitative studies and systematic reviews on current psychosocial outcomes and consequences. This paper attempts to structure this information by dividing it into the following sections: relationships and family; changes in finances and employment; issues related to the person\u2019s living situation; community reintegration; factors associated with mood and coping (e.g., depression, anxiety, substance use, and PTSD); self-harm behaviors (ranging from nonadherence to suicide); effects of traumatic brain injury; considerations regarding sexual health; aging with SCI; and concludes with a brief discussion about post-traumatic growth. Cultivating an understanding of the unique and interrelated psychosocial consequences of people living with SCI may help mitigate the psychosocial aftermath and serve as a reminder to providers to maintain a person-centered approach to care.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm12071178","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,20]],"date-time":"2022-07-20T11:22:24Z","timestamp":1658316144000},"page":"1178","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":150,"title":["Psychosocial Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury: A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Maggi A.","family":"Budd","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Spinal Cord Injury\/Disease Service, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02130, USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA"},{"name":"Center for Bioethics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6714-619X","authenticated-orcid":false,"suffix":"Jr.","given":"David R.","family":"Gater","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA"},{"name":"Christine E. Lynn Rehabilitation Center for the Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Miami, FL 33136, USA"},{"name":"The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3403-4909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabella","family":"Channell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spinal Cord Injury\/Disease Service, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02130, USA"},{"name":"Mental Health Counseling and Behavioral Medicine Graduate Program, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02128, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1080\/21642850.2021.1911656","article-title":"Spinal cord injury and aging: An exploration of the interrelatedness between key psychosocial factors contributing to the process of resilience","volume":"9","author":"Jenkins","year":"2021","journal-title":"Health Psychol. 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