{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T22:12:12Z","timestamp":1782857532466,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":136,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,17]],"date-time":"2022-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660694400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Nanotechnology, the art of engineering structures on a molecular level, offers the opportunity to implement new strategies for the diagnosis and management of pregnancy-related disorders. This review aims to summarize the current state of nanotechnology in obstetrics and cancer in pregnancy, focusing on existing and potential applications, and provides insights on safety and future directions. A systematic and comprehensive literature assessment was performed, querying the following databases: PubMed\/Medline, Scopus, and Endbase. The databases were searched from their inception to 22 March 2022. Five independent reviewers screened the items and extracted those which were more pertinent within the scope of this review. Although nanotechnology has been on the bench for many years, most of the studies in obstetrics are preclinical. Ongoing research spans from the development of diagnostic tools, including optimized strategies to selectively confine contrast agents in the maternal bloodstream and approaches to improve diagnostics tests to be used in obstetrics, to the synthesis of innovative delivery nanosystems for therapeutic interventions. Using nanotechnology to achieve spatial and temporal control over the delivery of therapeutic agents (e.g., commonly used drugs, more recently defined formulations, or gene therapy-based approaches) offers significant advantages, including the possibility to target specific cells\/tissues of interest (e.g., the maternal bloodstream, uterus wall, or fetal compartment). This characteristic of nanotechnology-driven therapy reduces side effects and the amount of therapeutic agent used. However, nanotoxicology appears to be a significant obstacle to adopting these technologies in clinical therapeutic praxis. Further research is needed in order to improve these techniques, as they have tremendous potential to improve the accuracy of the tests applied in clinical praxis. This review showed the increasing interest in nanotechnology applications in obstetrics disorders and pregnancy-related pathologies to improve the diagnostic algorithms, monitor pregnancy-related diseases, and implement new treatment strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm12081324","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,17]],"date-time":"2022-08-17T22:53:30Z","timestamp":1660776810000},"page":"1324","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Nanotechnologies in Obstetrics and Cancer during Pregnancy: A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Serena","family":"Bertozzi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Breast Unit, Department of Surgery, DAME, University Hospital of \u201cSanta Maria della Misericordia\u201d, 33100 Udine, Italy"},{"name":"Ennergi Research (Non-Profit Organisation), 33050 Lestizza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruna","family":"Corradetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Seriau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Breast Unit, Department of Surgery, DAME, University Hospital of \u201cSanta Maria della Misericordia\u201d, 33100 Udine, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Andr\u00e9s","family":"Diaz \u00d1a\u00f1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Breast Unit, Department of Surgery, DAME, University Hospital of \u201cSanta Maria della Misericordia\u201d, 33100 Udine, Italy"},{"name":"Ennergi Research (Non-Profit Organisation), 33050 Lestizza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carla","family":"Cedolini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Breast Unit, Department of Surgery, DAME, University Hospital of \u201cSanta Maria della Misericordia\u201d, 33100 Udine, Italy"},{"name":"Ennergi Research (Non-Profit Organisation), 33050 Lestizza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8958-6049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arrigo","family":"Fruscalzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Fribourg, 1752 Fribourg, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0562-7852","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela","family":"Cesselli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology, DAME, University of Udine, University Hospital of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2714-623X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angelo","family":"Cagnacci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Unit of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Infant Health, University of Genoa, 16132 Genova, Italy"},{"name":"Academic Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6429-1220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ambrogio P.","family":"Londero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ennergi Research (Non-Profit Organisation), 33050 Lestizza, Italy"},{"name":"Academic Unit of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Infant Health, University of Genoa, 16132 Genova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pearlman, S.A. 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