{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T08:42:07Z","timestamp":1790412127596,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,25]],"date-time":"2022-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661385600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This nationwide population-based cohort study aimed to describe the use of intravitreal injections (IVTs) of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents and corticosteroids in pregnant women in France and to report on the incidence of obstetric and neonatal complications. All pregnant women in France who received any anti-VEGF or corticosteroid IVT during pregnancy or in the month preceding pregnancy from 1 January 2009 to 31 December 2018 were identified in the national medico-administrative databases. Between 2009 and 2018, there were 5,672,921 IVTs performed in France. Among these IVTs, 228 anti-VEGF or corticosteroid IVTs were administered to 139 women during their pregnancy or in the month preceding their pregnancy. Spontaneous abortion or the medical termination of pregnancy occurred in 10 women (16.1%) who received anti-VEGF agents and in one (3.1%) of the women who received corticosteroids (p = 0.09). This is the first national cohort study of pregnant women treated with anti-VEGF or corticosteroid IVTs. We found a high incidence of obstetric complications in pregnant women treated with anti-VEGF or corticosteroid IVTs but could not demonstrate a statistically significant association between the intravitreal agents and these complications. These agents should continue to be used with great caution in pregnant women.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm12091374","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]],"date-time":"2022-08-26T02:04:32Z","timestamp":1661479472000},"page":"1374","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Association between Obstetric Complications and Intravitreal Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Agents or Intravitreal Corticosteroids"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4002-7414","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"In\u00e8s","family":"Ben Ghezala","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Department, University Hospital, 21079 Dijon, France"},{"name":"Inserm, CIC 1432, Clinical Investigation Center, Clinical Epidemiology\/Clinical Trials Unit, University Hospital, 21079 Dijon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0134-1248","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne-Sophie","family":"Mariet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inserm, CIC 1432, Clinical Investigation Center, Clinical Epidemiology\/Clinical Trials Unit, University Hospital, 21079 Dijon, France"},{"name":"Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (DIM), University Hospital, 21079 Dijon, France"},{"name":"Biostatistics, Biomathematics, Pharmacoepidemiology and Infectious Diseases (B2PHI), Inserm, UVSQ, Institut Pasteur, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, 94807 Villejuif, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Benzenine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (DIM), University Hospital, 21079 Dijon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0028-1837","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marc","family":"Bardou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inserm, CIC 1432, Clinical Investigation Center, Clinical Epidemiology\/Clinical Trials Unit, University Hospital, 21079 Dijon, France"},{"name":"Gastroenterology Department, Dijon Bourgogne University Hospital, 21079 Dijon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7265-931X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alain Marie","family":"Bron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Department, University Hospital, 21079 Dijon, France"},{"name":"Eye and Nutrition Research Group, CSGA, UMR1324 INRAE, 6265 CNRS, 21000 Dijon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9688-4845","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pierre-Henry","family":"Gabrielle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Department, University Hospital, 21079 Dijon, France"},{"name":"Eye and Nutrition Research Group, CSGA, UMR1324 INRAE, 6265 CNRS, 21000 Dijon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4976-9876","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florian","family":"Baudin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Department, University Hospital, 21079 Dijon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5134-9411","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catherine","family":"Quantin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inserm, CIC 1432, Clinical Investigation Center, Clinical Epidemiology\/Clinical Trials Unit, University Hospital, 21079 Dijon, France"},{"name":"Biostatistics and Bioinformatics (DIM), University Hospital, 21079 Dijon, France"},{"name":"Biostatistics, Biomathematics, Pharmacoepidemiology and Infectious Diseases (B2PHI), Inserm, UVSQ, Institut Pasteur, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, 94807 Villejuif, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Creuzot-Garcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Department, University Hospital, 21079 Dijon, France"},{"name":"Eye and Nutrition Research Group, CSGA, UMR1324 INRAE, 6265 CNRS, 21000 Dijon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.2008.297","article-title":"Ophthalmic drug delivery: Development and regulatory considerations","volume":"85","author":"Novack","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Pharm. 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