{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:11:36Z","timestamp":1760238696528,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,30]],"date-time":"2022-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661817600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JPM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Collapsing glomerulopathy (CG) or collapsing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (cFSGS) is an aggressive disease with a high tendency of progression to end-stage renal disease due to common resistance to conventional immunosuppressants. Rituximab (RTX), a monoclonal antibody against CD20 B cells, showed some benefit in the treatment of CG. We are reporting about female patients with an idiopathic form of CG presenting with nephrotic syndrome (NS) and renal insufficiency resistant to several immunosuppressive agents such as steroids (ST), calcineurin inhibitors (CNI), and cyclophosphamide (CYC). This multidrug-resistant disease responded to RTX with complete remission. Forty-four months after initial RTX administration, a relapse of CG with severe NS and acute renal insufficiency occurred. Repeated application of RTX led to complete remission again. To the best of our knowledge, we are reporting the first case of the relapsing multidrug-resistant form of CG, which responded to RTX. Current data about the treatment of CG with RTX is lacking and is based on rare case reports and small case series. Thus, our report can contribute to determining the role of RTX in the treatment of CG.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm12091415","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,31]],"date-time":"2022-08-31T00:13:56Z","timestamp":1661904836000},"page":"1415","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Resistant and Relapsing Collapsing Glomerulopathy Successfully Treated with Rituximab\u2014A Case Report"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Nikola","family":"Zagorec","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, Dubrava University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dragan","family":"Klari\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Zadar General Hospital, 23000 Zadar, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Klari\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ivica","family":"Horvati\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, Dubrava University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"},{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Petar","family":"\u0160enjug","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"},{"name":"Unit of Nephropathology and Electron Microscopy, Department of Pathology and Cytology, Dubrava University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7491-3791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matija","family":"Hora\u010dek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jagoda","family":"Niki\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nursing School Mlinarska, University of Applied Health Sciences, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Danica","family":"Gale\u0161i\u0107 Ljubanovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"},{"name":"Unit of Nephropathology and Electron Microscopy, Department of Pathology and Cytology, Dubrava University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kre\u0161imir","family":"Gale\u0161i\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, Dubrava University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"},{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2007080926","article-title":"Current views on collapsing glomerulopathy","volume":"19","author":"Albaqumi","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. 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Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(86)80052-X","article-title":"Nephrotic syndrome, progressive irreversible renal failure, and glomerular \u201ccollapse\u201d: A new clinicopathologic entity?","volume":"7","author":"Weiss","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am. J. Kidney Dis."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.3109\/0886022X.2016.1164063","article-title":"A prospective study of collapsing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis","volume":"38","author":"Raja","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ren. Fail."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-008-0781-6","article-title":"Rituximab in treatment of collapsing C1q glomerulopathy: Clinical and histopathological evolution","volume":"23","author":"Bitzan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatr. 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