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Since its medium\/long-term success rate remains limited, preoperative prediction of its outcome is gaining clinical interest to optimally select candidates for the procedure. Among predictors based on the surface electrocardiogram, the dominant frequency (DF) and harmonic exponential decay (\u03b3) of the fibrillatory waves (f-waves) have reported promising but clinically insufficient results. Hence, the main goal of this work was to conduct a broader analysis of the f-wave harmonic spectral structure to improve CA outcome prediction through several entropy-based measures computed on different frequency bands. On a database of 151 persistent AF patients under radio-frequency CA and a follow-up of 9 months, the newly introduced parameters discriminated between patients who relapsed to AF and those who maintained SR at about 70%, which was statistically superior to the DF and approximately similar to \u03b3. They also provided complementary information to \u03b3 through different combinations in multivariate models based on lineal discriminant analysis and report classification performance improvement of about 5%. These results suggest that the presence of larger harmonics and a proportionally smaller DF peak is associated with a decreased probability of AF recurrence after CA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm12101721","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,17]],"date-time":"2022-10-17T02:29:46Z","timestamp":1665973786000},"page":"1721","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Preoperative Prediction of Catheter Ablation Outcome in Persistent Atrial Fibrillation Patients through Spectral Organization Analysis of the Surface Fibrillatory Waves"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4492-2045","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pilar","family":"Escribano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group in Electronic, Biomedical and Telecommunication Engineering, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 02071 Albacete, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9497-4935","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan","family":"R\u00f3denas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group in Electronic, Biomedical and Telecommunication Engineering, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 02071 Albacete, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5454-456X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group in Electronic, Biomedical and Telecommunication Engineering, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 02071 Albacete, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miguel A.","family":"Arias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiac Arrhythmia Department, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Toledo, 45007 Toledo, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"V\u00edctor M.","family":"Hidalgo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiac Arrhythmia Department, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, 02006 Albacete, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sof\u00eda","family":"Calero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiac Arrhythmia Department, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, 02006 Albacete, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3364-6380","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 J.","family":"Rieta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BioMIT.org, Electronic Engineering Department, Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0942-3638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ra\u00fal","family":"Alcaraz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group in Electronic, Biomedical and Telecommunication Engineering, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 02071 Albacete, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Platonov, P.G., and Corino, V.D.A. 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